The Empress Dowager Cixi

Guangxu Emperor and the reformists then launched a more comprehensive reform effort, the Hundred Day's Reform ( 1898 ), but it was shortly overturned by the conservatives under Empress Dowager Cixi in a military coup.

The Empress Dowager, probably seeking to ensure her continual grip on power, sided with the Boxers as they advanced on Beijing.

Lady Yehenara, otherwise known as Dowager Empress Cixi, was arguably one of the most successful concubines in China ’ s history.

His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Junshi ( also called the Gojō empress 五条后 ), daughter of the minister of the left, Fujiwara Fuyutsugu.

His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Akirakeiko ( 明子 ), also called the Somedono empress 染殿后 ).

* 1875 – Guangxu Emperor of China began his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.

* 1898 – The Hundred Days ' Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor with a plan to change social, political and educational institutions in China, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days.

* 1900 – Empress Dowager Longyu of China orders all foreigners killed, including foreign diplomats and their families.

China formally declared war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Dowager Empress Cixi.

Emperor Nicholas II and his mother Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna in 1896.

In late 1916, the Dowager Empress left St. Petersburg to live in the Mariinsky Palace in Kiev.

During the second russification period, at the start of the First World War, the Dowager Empress, travelling by her special train through Finland to Saint Petersburg, expressed her continued disapprobation for the russification of Finland by having an orchestra of a welcoming committee to play the March of the Pori Regiment and the Finnish national anthem " Maamme ", which at the time were under the explicit ban from Franz Albert Seyn, the Governor-General of Finland.

Despite the overthrow of the monarchy in 1917, the former Dowager Empress Maria at first refused to leave Russia.

This was not surprising as Maria was merely a deposed Dowager Empress while her older sister was a popular Dowager Queen.

The 1986 NBC-TV miniseries Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, in which Olivia de Havilland portrays the Dowager Empress, represents the latter as considering a personal meeting with Anna Anderson, the woman who claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia.

There is no evidence that the Empress Dowager ever had such an intention ( or indeed that she had ever been requested to grant an audience to the woman ).

In 1018, his daughter Ishi became Empress ( Chūgū ) of Emperor Go-Ichijō, Kenshi became Empress Dowager ( Kōtaigō ), and Shōshi was Grand Empress Dowager ( Tai-Kōtaigō ).

To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's " New Policy ", also known as the " Late Qing Reform ".

Empress dowager Cixi: China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formidable concubine: legends and lives during the declining days of the Qing Dynasty.

* 1898 – Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days ' Reform in China.

Besides, it is also one of the favourite food of the Empress Cixi ( 慈禧太后 ).

* November 15 – Empress Dowager Cixi, ruler of China ( b. 1835 )

* September 21 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China engineers a coup d ' etat, marking the end of the Hundred Days ' Reform ; the Guangxu Emperor is arrested.

* November 29 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China ( d. 1908 )

While typically employed by commoners, the water pipe is known to have been preferred by Empress Dowager Cixi over snuff bottles or other methods of intake.

Some examples of these de facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China ( for son Tongzhi and nephew Guangxu Emperors ), Prince Alexander Menshikov ( for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia ), Grigori Rasputin through Tsarina Alexandra ( for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia ), Cardinal Richelieu of France ( for Louis XIII ), and Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily ( for her husband King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies ).

In fact, the vast majority of female rulers throughout Chinese Imperial history came to power by ruling as regents on behalf of their sons ; prominent examples include the Empress Lü of the Han Dynasty, as well as Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Ci ' an of the Qing Dynasty, who for a time ruled jointly as co-regents.

Prominent examples include Empress Dowager Cixi, mother of the Tongzhi Emperor ( 1861 – 1874 ), and aunt and adoptive mother of the Guangxu Emperor ( 1874 – 1908 ), who ruled China for 47 years ( 1861 – 1908 ), Empress Wu Zetian ( who ultimately declared herself Empress, and was subsequently overthrown ) and the Empress Dowager Lü of the Han Dynasty.

The Qing Court at the time was divided between progressives under the leadership of the Guangxu Emperor, and conservatives under the Empress Dowager Cixi, who had temporarily retreated to the Summer Palace as a place of " retirement ".

In response, the initially hesitant Empress Dowager Cixi, urged by the conservatives of the Imperial Court, supported the Boxers and declared war on foreign powers.

After the Reforms ended, the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi seized power and placed the reformist Guangxu Emperor under house arrest.

The Empress Dowager Cixi responded to the news of the destruction of China's Fujian Fleet at the Battle of Fuzhou ( 23 August 1884 ) by ordering her generals to invade Tonkin to throw the French out of Hanoi.

Matilda responded to her predicament by escaping from the castle ; the popular version of this has the Empress waiting until the Castle Mill Stream was frozen over and then dressed in white to act as camouflage in the snow, being lowered down the walls with three or four knights, before escaping through Stephen's lines in the night whilst the king's sentries attempted to raise the alarm.

" Empress Xiao, surprised and distressed by his comment, asked him why he was saying so, and he responded and smiled, " Honor and wealth and poverty and dishonor, as well as pain and pleasure, all come in cycles.

" Empress Dowager Wu responded, " You wanted to give the empire to Wei Xuanzhen.

According to a letter to the Empress Pulcheria collected among the letters of Leo I, Hilarius apologized for not delivering to her the pope's letter after the synod, but owing to Dioscurus of Alexandria, who tried to hinder his going either to Rome or to Constantinople, he had great difficulty in making his escape in order to bring to the pontiff the news of the result of the council.

The two armies stood less than 30 kilometres apart when news from Saint Petersburg suddenly reached the Russian army that Russia's emperor had been overthrown by his wife, who had now acceded to the throne as Empress Catherine II.

Shi Zun hesitated, and meanwhile, Shi Jian, one of the princes attending the meeting, quickly reported the news to Shi Min, who acted quickly and surrounded the palace, capturing and executing Shi Zun, Empress Dowager Zheng, Shi Zun's wife Empress Zhang, Shi Yan, and several key officials loyal to Shi Zun.

She suffered greatly upon receiving the news of the death of her daughter, the Holy Roman Empress, Margaret Theresa, in Vienna in 1673.

To Robert and the other supporters of the Empress this was good news, as Ranulf was a major magnate.

When one reported to Empress Xiao, Empress Xiao had her report to Emperor Yang — but Emperor Yang, not wishing to hear about the bad news, beheaded her.

Once news of his death reached Ethiopia, Empress Zewditu and Ras Tafari ordered requiem masses be said throughout Ethiopia, and that government offices be closed for three days.

This was exciting news for Emperor Wu, who was upset over being partially blamed for Empress Chen's infertility.

When news of this reached Emperor Xuanzong in Jiannan, Emperor Xuanzong recognized Emperor Suzong as emperor and took the title of Taishang Huang ( retired emperor ), although he continued to exercise some imperial authority — including, for example, issuing an edict that posthumously honored Emperor Suzong's mother Consort Yang as Empress Yuanxian.