The defeat and death of Adolf of Nassau at the hands of Albert of Habsburg also worked to the disadvantage of the English, for all the efforts to revive the anti-French coalition came to nothing when Philip made an alliance with the new king of the Romans.

Later on, when he became king in 1509, Henry VIII is supposed to have commissioned an English translation of a Life of Henry V so that he could emulate him, on the grounds that he thought that launching a campaign against France would help him to impose himself on the European stage.

An innovation in William's coronation ceremony was that before the actual crowning, Ealdred asked the assembled crowd, in English, if it was their wish that William be crowned king.

" Alfred singled out in particular the laws that he " found in the days of Ine, my kinsman, or Offa, king of the Mercians, or King Æthelbert of Kent, who first among the English people received baptism.

Thorkell the Tall was appalled at the brutality of his fellow raiders, and switched sides to the English king Æthelred the Unready following Ælfheah's death.

It was consecrated in 1197 with a dedication to the deceased Saint Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court.

The celebration of deeds of ancient Danish and Swedish heroes, the poem beginning with a tribute to the royal line of Danish kings, but written in the dominant literary dialect of Anglo-Saxon England, for a number of scholars points to the 11th century reign of Canute, the Danish king whose empire included all of these areas, and whose primary place of residence was in England, as the most likely time of the poem's creation, the poem being written as a celebration of the king's heroic royal ancestors, perhaps intended as a form of artistic flattery by one of his English courtiers.

11 ) identifies Old Norse Baldr with the Old High German Baldere ( 2nd Merseburg Charm, Thuringia ), Palter ( theonym, Bavaria ), Paltar ( personal name ) and with Old English bealdor, baldor " lord, prince, king " ( used always with a genitive plural, as in gumena baldor " lord of men ", wigena baldor " lord of warriors ", et cetera ).

The Þiðrekssaga tells that the warrior Heime ( Hama in Old English ) takes sides against Eormanric, king of the Goths, and has to flee his kingdom after robbing him ; later in life, Hama enters a monastery and gives them all his stolen treasure.

The word may be a compound containing the Old English adjective brytten ( from the verb breotan meaning ' to break ' or ' to disperse '), an element also found in the terms bryten rice (' kingdom '), bryten-grund (' the wide expanse of the earth ') and bryten cyning (' king whose authority was widely extended ').

Years after Wallace's death, Robert the Bruce, now Scotland's king, leads a Scottish army before a ceremonial line of English troops on the fields of Bannockburn where he is to formally accept English rule.

The English king did not find support among the French lords, who made Philip of Valois their king.

In 899 Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, died leaving his son Edward the Elder as ruler of Britain south of the River Thames and his daughter Æthelflæd and son-in-law Æthelred ruling the western, English part of Mercia.

A negotiated settlement may have ended matters: according to John of Worcester, a son of Constantine was given as a hostage to Æthelstan and Constantin himself accompanied the English king on his return south.

But others say that Constantine made this raid, asking of the king, Malcolm, that the kingship should be given to him for a week's time, so that he could visit the English.

His most successful poem, The True-Born Englishman ( 1701 ), defended the king against the perceived xenophobia of his enemies, satirising the English claim to racial purity.

It was only in October 1328, after a short-lived peace treaty between Scotland and England, the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton ( which renounced all English claims to Scotland and was signed by the new English king, Edward III, on 1 March 1328 ), that the interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its king were finally removed.

The Statute of Marlborough became a basis for royal government, and the relationship between the king and his subjects, and as such the Dictum lived on in English constitutional history.

" James's reading of The True Law of Free Monarchies allowed that "... a good king will frame all his actions to be according to the law, yet is he not bound thereto but of his good will ..." James also had printed his Defense of the Right of Kings in the face of English theories of inalienable popular and clerical rights.

Via the French Alberon, the same name has entered English as Oberon – king of elves and fairies in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream ( see below ).

However, later that month, on 22 January, the English were defeated at the Battle of Basing and, on the 22 March at the Battle of Merton ( perhaps Marden in Wiltshire or Martin in Dorset ), in which Æthelred was killed.

" Unready " is a mistranslation of Old English unræd ( meaning bad-counsel ) — a twist on his name " Æthelred " ( meaning noble-counsel ).

The story of Æthelred's notorious nickname, " Æthelred the Unready ", from Old English Æþelræd Unræd, goes a long way toward explaining how his reputation has declined through history.

For example, German Rat ( pronounced with a long " a ") (= " council ") is cognate with English " read " and German and Dutch Rede (= " speech ", often religious in nature ) ( hence Æthelred the ' Unready ' would not heed the speech of his advisors, and the word ' unready ' is cognate with the Dutch word " onraad " meaning trouble, danger ), while English and Dutch " rat " for the rodent has its German cognate Ratte.

* 1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.

* November 13 – St. Brice's Day massacre: English king Æthelred the Unready orders all Danes in England killed.

King Æthelred I ( Old English: Æþelræd, sometimes rendered as Ethelred, " noble counsel ") ( c. 837 – 871 ) was King of Wessex from 865 to 871.

When Harthacnut died, the English nobles had chosen as their king Æthelred the Unready's son Edward ( later known as Edward the Confessor ); Magnus wrote to him that he intended to attack England with combined Norwegian and Danish forces and " he will then govern it who wins the victory.

* Firstly to Goda, daughter of the English king Æthelred the Unready, and sister of Edward the Confessor.

Together with the rest of English Mercia it submitted to King Alfred about 877 – 883 under Earl Æthelred, who possibly himself belonged to the Hwicce.

Æthelred, also Ethelred, is an Old English personal name ( a compound of æþel and ræd, meaning " noble council " or " well advised ") and may refer to:

Nothing is known of him after 879, but by 883 Æthelred had become ruler of the part of Mercia still under English control.

After Ceolwulf's disappearance in 879, coinage issued in English Mercia named the West Saxon king, yet Æthelred issued charters in his own name, implying royal authority.

Nick Higham goes even further, arguing that: " Celtic visions of Æthelred and Æthelflæd as king and queen certainly offer a different, and equally valid, contemporary take on the complex politics of this transition to a new English state.

This period of the English monarchy is known as the Saxon period, though their rule was often contested, notably by the Danelaw and later by the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard who claimed the throne from 1013 to 1014, during the reign of Æthelred the Unready.

Ælfwynn was the daughter of Æthelred, ruler of English Mercia, and Æthelflæd, daughter of King Alfred the Great and herself ruler of Mercia after her husband's death.

Aelred ( 1110 – 12 January 1167 ), also Aelred, Ælred, Æthelred, etc., was an English writer, abbot of Rievaulx ( from 1147 until his death ), and saint.

* Emma of Normandy, second wife of Æthelred the Unready and second wife of Cnut the Great, called Ælfgifu in Old English sources

The historian Denis Bethell called him the " most important figure in the English Church in the reigns of Æthelred II and Cnut.

Dorothy Whitelock writes that " we have no evidence where Wulfstan was at the time of the submission England to Swein, but he was at York within a fortnight of death, and we may suspect that he used his influence to win back the province to the English king Æthelred.

This was the year that Æthelred returned to England from Normandy and resumed his position as king of the English.