Extrajudicial punishment is punishment by the state or some other official authority without the permission of a court or legal authority.

Extrajudicial punishment is often a feature of politically repressive regimes, but even self-proclaimed or internationally recognized democracies have been known to use extrajudicial punishment under certain circumstances.

* Extrajudicial punishment resulting in death is referred to as Salvage in the Philippines

The Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters, more commonly called the Hague Service Convention, is a multilateral treaty which was signed in The Hague on 15 November 1965 by members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.

In November 2010, the United Nations General Assembly voted 79-70 to remove " sexual orientation " from the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, a list of unjustified reasons for executions, replacing it with " discriminatory reasons on any basis ".

Extrajudicial punishment may be planned and carried out by a particular branch of a state, without informing other branches, or even without having been ordered to commit such acts.

Extrajudicial sanctions can only be used if:

Extrajudicial sanctions cannot be used if:

# Extrajudicial denunciations of crimes against the faith and morals or against the sacrament of Penance, while safeguarding the right of the person denounced to be informed of the denunciation, if his defence against it makes this necessary.

" Extrajudicial killings " are the illegal killing of leading political, trades union, dissidents, and social figures by either the state government, state authorities like the armed forces and police ( as in Liberia under Charles G. Taylor ), or criminal outfits such as the Italian Mafia.

Extrajudicial killings and death squads are most historically prevalent in the Middle East ( mostly in Iraq ), El Salvador, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, several nations or regions in Equatorial Africa, Jamaica, Kosovo, many parts of South America, Uzbekistan, parts of Thailand and in the Philippines.

Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno said that the " National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Forced Disappearances: Searching for Solutions ," would help stop the murders.

Extrajudicial killings were widespread on both sides during the whole war.

Extrajudicial sanctions examples include restitution or compensation, service to the victim or community, attendance and participating in counselling and treatment programs, etc.

Extrajudicial summary executions were harshly criticized after the war.

Extrajudicial violence was so common that it often did not make the front pages of newspapers.

* Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Mr. Christof Heyns ( South Africa )

Extrajudicial killings in the Philippines are referred to as salvage in Philippine English.

Extrajudicial punishment was more brutal.

The second one is Court-ordered Restructuring ( Recuperação Judicial ).

Introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980s, Glasnost is often paired with Perestroika ( literally: Restructuring ), another reform instituted by Gorbachev at the same time.

* How Industrialization is Restructuring Food Production -- Hamilton, Neil

< p > Restructuring lattice theory is an attempt to reinvigorate connections with our general culture by interpreting the theory as concretely as possible, and in this way to promote better communication between lattice theorists and potential users of lattice theory .</ p >

A sunset provision can be found in the Corporate Restructuring Promotion Act, which is to facilitate out-of-court workout of insolvent companies.

Cognitive Restructuring ( CR ) employs many strategies, such as Socratic questioning, thought recording and guided imagery and is used in many types of therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ), and rational emotive therapy ( RET ).

He is also the President / CEO of the Restructuring firm " Boyd Group " which is being paid $ 50, 000 / month for his services.

Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its present needs.

The privilege is defined in an amendment to the Internal Revenue Code made by the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998:

But while Roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations .< ref > Kristina Milnor, " Women in Roman Historiography ," in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historians ( Cambridge University Press, 2009 ), p. 278 ; Ann Ellis Hanson, " The Restructuring of Female Physiology at Rome ," in Les écoles médicales à Rome: Actes du 2 < sup > ème </ sup > Colloque international sur les textes médicaux latins antiques, Lausanne, septembre 1986 ( Université de Nantes, 1991 ), p. 256 .</ ref > Exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from the semi-legendary Lucretia and Claudia Quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance ; fierce Republican-era women such as Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, and Fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image ; women of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, most prominently Livia, who contributed to the formation of Imperial mores ; and the empress Helena, a driving force in establishing Christianity as the official religion of Rome.

* Restructuring and privatization – creating a viable financial sector and reforming the enterprises in these economies to render them capable of producing goods that could be sold in free markets and transferring their ownership into private hands.

Restructuring of Korean conglomerates ( chaebols ), bank privatization, and creating a more liberalized economy with a mechanism for bankrupt firms to exit the market remain Korea's most important unfinished reform tasks.

Restructuring since the coup of July 2003 saw the army reduced from 600 and retrained with foreign assistance.

Partnering with California-based Trinity Capital, LLC, the company established the Franchisee Financial Restructuring Initiative, a program to address the financial issues facing BK's financially distressed franchisees.

The Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee dealt with corporate loans.

In his article Restructuring Lattice Theory ( 1982 ) initiating formal concept analysis as a mathematical discipline, Rudolf Wille starts from a discontent with the current lattice theory and pure mathematics in general: The production of theoretical results-often achieved by " elaborate mental gymnastics "-were impressive, but the connections between neighbouring domains, even parts of a theory were getting weaker.

Restructuring and hospital redevelopment has continued to occur to enhance the medical and patient facilities of the hospital, including amalgamation with the Prince Henry Hospital, Royal South Sydney Hospital and the Eastern Suburbs Hospital.

In 1985, The Salvation Army Scarborough Grace Hospital was opened in northeast Scarborough ; it was later voluntarily amalgamated with Scarborough General to form The Scarborough Hospital in 1998, as part of a successful proposal to the Health Services Restructuring Commission.

* In 2003, the Restructured Clinical Scales were added to the published MMPI-2, representing a major psychometric reconstruction of the original Clinical Scales ; this project was designed to address known psychometric flaws in the original Clinical Scales that unnecessarily complicated their interpretability and validity, but could not be addressed at the same time as the restandardization process took place Restructuring the Clinical Scales to was the initial step toward addressing the remaining psychometric and theoretical problems of the MMPI-2, but it meant that fixing problems related to individual test item content ( e. g., antiquated vocabulary ) had to be delayed until after the restructuring process was completed.

Restructuring of the charity and disposal of the building cost about £ 7m in redundancies, restructuring and professional fees by July 2006.

Restructuring may also be described as corporate restructuring, debt restructuring and financial restructuring.

Restructuring and privatization of " sensitive sectors " ( e. g., coal ), has also been slow, but recent foreign investments in energy and steel have begun to turn the tide.

The government also implemented a series of hospital closures on the recommendations of a Health Services Restructuring Commission.

* SingTel also Restructuring of the channel numbers into three digit format for its mio TV Service.

Throughout the years Reinsdorf has been active in the affairs of baseball, serving on the Executive Council and Ownership, Long Range Planning, Restructuring, Expansion, Equal Opportunity, Strategic Planning, Legislative and Labor Policy Committees of Major League Baseball, he also serves on the Boards of MLB Advanced Media and MLB Enterprises.

He also contributed to the preparation of the " Malawi Country Economic Memorandum ( 1999-2000 )"; two World Bank Structural Adjusment Credits ( SACs ) for Malawi, namely, " The Malawi Fiscal Restructuring and Deregulation Project ( FRDP ) I and II "; and Malawi's National Long-Term Perspective Study ( NLTPS )- " Malawi Vision 2020 ".