The F ( ST ) for humans and chimpanzees is 0. 18.

The attempt to claim F ( ST ) invalidates the human race concept is known as " Lewontin's Fallacy ".

MIDI Maze is an early first person shooter maze video game for the Atari ST developed by Xanth Software F / X, published by Hybrid Arts, and released around 1987.

* Fixation index ( F < sub > ST </ sub >), a measure of population differentiation

Genetic distance is often measured by Fixation index ( F < sub > ST </ sub >).

F < sub > ST </ sub > is simply the correlation of randomly chosen alleles within the same sub-population relative to that found in the entire population.

In 1972 Richard Lewontin performed a F < sub > ST </ sub > statistical analysis using 17 markers including blood group proteins.

Since then, other analyses have found F < sub > ST </ sub > values of 6 %- 10 % between continental human groups, 5-15 % between different populations occupying the same continent, and 75-85 % within populations.

Alan Templeton ( 2003 ) argued that in the nonhuman literature an F < sub > ST </ sub > of at least 25 %- 30 % is a standard criterion for the identification of a subspecies.

Henry Harpending ( 2002 ) has argued that the magnitude of human F < sub > ST </ sub > values imply that " kinship between two individuals of the same human population is equivalent to kinship between grandparent and grandchild or between half siblings.

In the 1972 study " The apportionment of human diversity " Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index ( F < sub > ST </ sub >) statistical analysis using 17 markers including blood group proteins.

A more common argument is represented by Reverend John F. MacArthur, who claims that the genetic mutations necessary to produce a tapeworm from an amoeba are as unlikely as a monkey typing Hamlet's soliloquy, and hence the odds against the evolution of all life are impossible to overcome.

The circumscription of the Rosoideae is still not wholly certain ; recent genetic research < ref name = Eriksson > ( 2003 ): The Phylogeny of Rosoideae ( Rosaceae ) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ( ITS ) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the TRNL / F region of chloroplast DNA.

Its relationship to other falcons is not clear ; the issue is complicated by widespread hybridization confounding mtDNA sequence analyses ; for example a genetic lineage of the Saker Falcon ( F. cherrug ) is known which originated from a male Saker producing fertile young with a female Peregrine ancestor, and the descendants further breeding with Sakers.

A 2005 study by Michael F. Hammer reports genetic similarities between the Japanese and several other Asian populations, which shows that the common Y-DNA haplogroups of Japanese are D-P37. 1 ( 34. 7 %), O-P31 ( 31. 7 %), O-M122 ( 20. 1 %), C-M8 ( 5. 4 %), C-M217 ( 3. 1 %), NO ( 2. 3 %) and N ( 1. 5 %).

A genetic study does not fully match the traditionally accepted species listed above, and groups the species in four clades: ( 1 ) F. suspensa ; ( 2 ) F. europaea — F. giraldiana ; ( 3 ) F. ovata — F. japonica — F. viridissima ; and ( 4 ) F. koreana — F. mandschurica — F. saxatilis.

Of the additional species, F. koreana is usually cited as a variety of F. viridissima, and F. saxatilis as a variety of F. japonica ; the genetic evidence suggests they may be better treated as distinct species.

Since 2007, it is classified as a wildcat subspecies, F. silvestris bieti based on genetic analysis.

During this transfer of genetic material, the F episome may take chromosomal DNA with it.

In October 1999, Commonwealth attorney Robert F. Horan Jr. denied the request for access to the evidence, asserting that even if Harvey were excluded as a contributor of genetic material, it would not prove his innocence due to the testimony indicating that he had not left any biological evidence behind.

He has also collaborated with geneticists in seeking to correlate linguistic with genetic findings ( e. g., Sarah A. Tishkoff, Floyd A. Reed, F. R. Friedlaender, Christopher Ehret, Alessia Ranciaro, et al., “ The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans ,” Science 324, 22 May 2009 ) and in developing mathematical tools for dating linguistic history ( e. g., Andrew Kitchen, Christopher Ehret, Shiferew Assefa, and Connie Mulligan, " Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East ," Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, July 2009 ).

F. citrifolia may fuse with figs of other species types, creating a cumulate tree that is a genetic mosaic.

* Terry, C. F., et al., Cooperative influence of genetic polymorphisms on interleukin 6 transcriptional regulation.

An updated phylogeny based on whole genome sequencing has recently been published showing that the genus Francisella could be divided into two main genetic clades: one included F. tularensis, F. novicida, F. hispaniensis and Wolbachia persica, and another included F. philomiragia and F. noatunensis ..

Diurnal variation is approximately, falling to the low 20s ° C ( 70 ° F ) by night.

Since there is a one-to-one correspondence between Borel regular measures in the interval and functions of bounded variation ( that assigns to each function of bounded variation the corresponding Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, and the integral with respect to the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure agrees with the Riemann-Stieltjes integral for continuous functions ), the above stated theorem generalizes the original statement of F. Riesz.

After describing experiments to ascertain the pressure of steam at various points between 0 and 100 ° C ( 32 and 212 ° F ), Dalton concluded from observations on the vapour pressure of six different liquids, that the variation of vapour pressure for all liquids is equivalent, for the same variation of temperature, reckoning from vapour of any given pressure.

Harrison's textbook of internal medicine defines a fever as a morning temperature of > 37. 2 ° C (> 98. 9 ° F ) or an evening temperature of > 37. 7 ° C (> 99. 9 ° F ) while the normal daily temperature variation is typically 0. 5 ° C ( 0. 9 ° F ).

Fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis ( 2-D DIGE ) can be used to quantify variation in the 2-D DIGE process and establish statistically valid thresholds for assigning quantitative changes between samples .< ref > Tonge, R., Shaw, J., Middleton, B., Rowlinson, R., Rayner, S., Young, J., Pognan, F., Hawkins, E., Currie, I. and Davison, M. ( 2001 ), Validation and development of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis proteomics technology.

During the 1960s, he continued his television career, with guest appearances on such series as The Barbara Stanwyck Show, Route 66 ( a moving portrayal of a doomed pilot in the two-part episode " Fly Away Home "); Alfred Hitchcock Presents ; Perry Mason ( one of four actors in four consecutive episodes substituting for series star Raymond Burr, who was recovering from surgery ); Wagon Train ( a 90-minute colour episode as an English big game hunter who, in a display of amazing marksmanship, is able to kill an Indian chief from a great distance ); The Great Adventure ( in an installment of this anthology series about remarkable events in American history, he portrayed Confederate president Jefferson Davis ); Daniel Boone, ( in episodes " The Sound of Wings " and " First in War, First in Peace "); Lost in Space ( another two-part episode — as an all-powerful alien zookeeper, " The Keeper ", he worked one last time with his Third Man costar Jonathan Harris ); The Time Tunnel ( as Captain Smith of The Titanic, in the series ' 9 September 1966 premiere episode ); Batman ( as the villainous Sandman, in league with Julie Newmar's Catwoman ); three episodes of The Invaders ( as a malign variation of the Klaatu persona, culminating in a parallel plot also involving an assembly of world leaders ); an episode of I Spy (" Lana "); and two episodes of The F. B. I.

Work by Camp and Tung suggests that changes in solar irradiance correlates with a variation of ± 0. 1 ° K (± 0. 18 ° F ) in measured average global temperature between the peak and minimum of the 11-year solar cycle.

He wrote eight piano concertos, ten piano sonatas ( of which four are without opus numbers, and one is still unpublished ), eight piano trios, a piano quartet, a piano quintet, a wind octet, a cello sonata, two piano septets, a mandolin concerto, a mandolin sonata, a Trumpet Concerto in E major written for the Keyed trumpet ( usually heard in the more convenient E-flat major ), a " Grand Bassoon Concerto " in F, a quartet for clarinet, violin, viola, and cello, four hand piano music, 22 operas and Singspiels, masses, and much more, including a variation on a theme supplied by Anton Diabelli for Part II of Vaterländischer Künstlerverein.

& Shields, G. F. ( 1992 ): Mitochondrial-DNA variation in the polytypic Alaskan song sparrow.

At night the region experiences a dramatic diurnal temperature variation, with temperatures dropping by as much as 16 ° C ( 30 ° F ) from the daytime high.

Alter Bridge uses a slightly modified variation of DADGAD on the song " Words Darker Than Their Wings " from their album ABIII, tuned 1 / 2 down with the 5th string dropped a full step, resulting in C # F # C # F # G # C #.

The maximum acceptable variation in this range is 5 ° F, meaning that the temperature should not go above 77 ° F and below 45 ° F.

The fifth and final variation, the longest, caps the movement with a slower and more dramatic feel, nevertheless ending in carefree F major.

The mean temperature is approximately 10 ° C ( 50 ° F ) and shows a seasonal and a diurnal variation, but because of the modifying effect of the sea the range is less than in most other parts of the United Kingdom ( UK ).

Del Mar operates on a normal A through F system, with minor variation among teachers on which percentages correspond to which letter grades.

G, often referred to as the AVO gradient, describes the variation of reflection amplitudes at intermediate offsets and the third term, F, describes the behaviour at large angles / far offsets that are close to the critical angle.

The television cavalry comedy F Troop used a variation of the song to welcome saloon singer Laura Lee in the episode " She's Only a Build in a Girdled Cage " ( cf.