Wood notes that many historians struggle to understand Madison, but he looks at him within his own times — as a nationalist but one with a different conception of what that meant than the Federalists.

Culturally conservative Federalists denounced the work as radical — too inclusive in its lexicon and even bordering on vulgar.

Culturally conservative Federalists denounced the work as radical — too inclusive in its lexicon and even bordering on vulgar.

The treaty became a central issue of contention — leading to the formation of the " First Party System " in the United States, with the Federalists favoring Britain and the Jeffersonian republicans favoring France.

Debate over the federal constitution in 1787 led to formation of the groups known as Federalists — mainly " downstaters " ( those who lived in or near New York City ) who supported a strong national government — and Antifederalists — mainly upstaters ( those who lived to the City's north and west ) who opposed large national institutions.

The larger Members and Associate Members currently include Citizens for Global Solutions, Union of European Federalists, World Federalist Movement — Canada, the Universal Party, and the World Federalist Movement of Japan.

In the Fries's Rebellion hundreds of farmers in Pennsylvania revolted — Federalists saw a breakdown in civil society.

Federalists seized on the divisions in the opposition, claiming that Sullivan was a pawn, and that he would soon be replaced by the " Jacobin Lincoln — a man so little known, and so unpopular where known, that they dare not risk as a candidate for the office he aspires to.

Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, in particular, saw in this question, as well as in the other twelve, the influence of the Federalists — his political rivals ; yet he too agreed a proclamation was in order, though perhaps not an official one.

The Federalists — notably Hamilton, were distrustful of " the people ," the French, and the Republicans.

The case involved the Judiciary Act of 1801, which created a number of federal judgeships — the so-called " midnight judges " as the Act was passed by the lame-duck Federalists in their final days in office.

The Federalists, too wedded to an upper-class style to win the support of ordinary voters, grew weaker year by year.

In foreign policy, the Democratic-Republicans denounced the Federalists over Jay's Treaty, perceived as too favorable to Britain, while the French ambassador embarrassed the Democratic-Republicans by publicly backing them and attacking the Federalists right before the election.

" High Federalists " considered Adams too moderate and would have preferred the leadership of Alexander Hamilton instead.

Hamilton's Federalists ( of which Ames was one ), although they too agreed with a Republic, advocated a stronger federal government with similar powers to the British example.

As early as 1804 some New England Federalists had discussed secession from the Union if the national government became too oppressive.

Cobbet's denunciation of Bache was so condemnatory that even Federalists thought Cobbet had gone too far.

The Federalists made a strong, systematic appeal to public opinion, which rallied their own supporters and shifted the debate.

As time went on, the Federalists lost appeal with the average voter and were generally not equal to the tasks of party organization ; hence, they grew steadily weaker as the political triumphs of the Republican Party grew after 1800.

Seizing the opportunity Jefferson acted contrary to the lack of an explicit Constitutional authority, and the Federalists criticized him for acting without that authority, but most thought that this opportunity was exceptional and could not be missed.

The Jay Treaty passed, and indeed the Federalists won most of the major legislative battles in the 1790s.

The Congregationalists and the Episcopalians supported the Federalists ; most of the Presbyterians, Baptists, and other minority denominations tended toward the Republican camp.

Seizing an opportunity to deny Jefferson the presidency, most Federalists voted for Burr, giving Burr six of the eight states controlled by Federalists.

The most influential Federalists were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, the anonymous authors of the Federalist Papers, a series of 85 essays published in New York newspapers, under the pen name " Publius ".

His greatest fame however may have come as an orator, for which one historian has dubbed him " the most eloquent of the Federalists.

Like most Federalists, he supported the fiscal policies of Alexander Hamilton, and helped organize the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion.

The most popular faction was initially the local Socialist-Revolutionary that composed the local government together with Federalists and Mensheviks.

However, weeks after the convention's end, news of Major General Andrew Jackson's overwhelming victory in New Orleans swept over the Northeast, discrediting and disgracing the Federalists, who then disbanded in most places.

At the time, most immigrants ( namely Irish and French ) supported Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, the political opponents of the Federalists.

The implications of Adams's actions in appointing Federalists to the Supreme Court and the Federal courts, led to one of the most important decisions in American judicial history.

Harrison Gray Otis ( October 8, 1765October 28, 1848 ), was a businessman, lawyer, and politician, becoming one of the most important leaders of the United States ' first political party, the Federalists.

Polk, and most of the Federalists in Delaware, joined the Adams / Clay faction, and began a National Republican, then Whig ascendancy in Delaware politics.

There was an ongoing debate in the 1780s about " the people " fighting governmental tyranny ( as described by Anti-Federalists ); or the risk of mob rule of " the people " ( as described by the Federalists ) related to the ongoing revolution in France.

By 1792-94 newspapers started calling Hamilton supporters " Federalists " and their opponents " Democrats ", " Republicans ", " Jeffersonians " ( people who supported Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd president ), or " Democratic-Republicans ".

The grassroots world federalist movement in the US, led by people such as Grenville Clark, Norman Cousins, Alan Cranston and Robert Hutchins, organized itself into increasingly larger structures, finally forming, in 1947, the United World Federalists ( later renamed to World Federalist Association, then Citizens for Global Solutions ), claiming membership of 47, 000 in 1949.

Federalists believed the government was sovereign because it had been established by the people, so radical protest actions, which were permissible during the American Revolution, were no longer legitimate.

Federalists, for their part, came to accept that the people could play a greater role in governance.

The Whig Party emerged in 1833 – 34 after Clay's defeat as a coalition of National Republicans, along with Anti-Masons, disaffected Jacksonians, and people whose last political activity was with the Federalists a decade before.

With little strength outside of New England, the Federalists seemed to be fading away, but they became rejuvenated after his term during the War of 1812.

Following this election, Federalists held few seats outside of New England and party legitimacy was being corroded as political thought turned away from the rather aristocratic Federalist ideals.

As a party, Federalists " had collapsed as a national political force.