He joined literary and newspaper circles and became a member of the Young Finnish circle.

The Finlandia Prize ( Finlandia-palkinto ) is the most prestigious literary award in Finland by the Finnish Book Foundation.

The White Guard ( Finnish: Suojeluskunta, plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår, literary translated as Protection / Defense Corps ) was a voluntary militia that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guard as part of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918.

His most famous novel, New Finnish Grammar ( Nuova grammatica finlandese ), has been translated into several languages and has received the Grinzane Cavour literary prize in Italy.

The only biography of any length about Jaan Kross to date was first published in Finnish by WSOY, Helsinki, in 2008 and was written by the Finnish literary scholar Juhani Salokannel, the then director of the Finnish Institute in Tallinn.

Note that in the case of Italian, and similar situations such as the eventual dominance of modern German, Czech, Finnish and other languages that originated as largely or purely literary languages, is that even though these literary languages by themselves had at one point few or no native speakers, they were dialects of existing spoken languages that already had large communities of native speakers — hence the language cannot reasonably be said to have been " dead ".

Otto Wilhelm ( Wille ) Kuusinen (, ) ( 4 October 1881, Laukaa, Finland – 17 May 1964, Moscow, USSR ) was a Finnish-born Soviet politician, literary historian, and poet, who, after the defeat of the Reds in the Finnish Civil War, fled to the Soviet Union, where he worked until his death.

The Finnish language has a literary variant, literary Finnish, and a spoken variant, spoken Finnish.

Literary Finnish is a consciously created fusion of dialects for use as a literary language, which is rarely spoken at all, being confined to writing and official speeches.

* The Finnish aasinsilta and Swedish åsnebrygga is a literary technique where a tenuous, even contrived connection between two arguments or topics, which is almost but not quite a non sequitur, is used as an awkward transition between them.

# Mikael Agricola ( Protestant reformer and creator of literary Finnish )

* Runeberg Prize, a Finnish literary award named after the above poet

Category: Finnish literary awards

He edited and translated the great Finnish epic Kalevala ; he arranged, completed and brought out in twelve volumes the literary remains of Matthias Alexander Castrén, bearing on the languages of the Samoyedic tribes, the Koibal, Karagass, Tungusic, Buryat, Ostyak and Kottic tongues, and prepared several valuable papers on Finnic mythology for the Imperial Academy.

He was among the founders of the Aurora Society that advocated Finnish literary pursüits and was the editor of the first Finnish newspaper, Tidningar ugifne af et sällskap i Åbo, founded in 1771.

In the Finnish language, the comitative is rare and seldom used in spoken Finnish.

In spoken Finnish, this abbreviates to a clitic very similar to the Estonian comitative ,-nkaa ( via-nkans ).

Some cases and moods are rarely constructive in spoken Finnish, e. g. the instructive and comitative cases and the potential mood.

The Finnish optative expresses formality.

Finnish dog tags are also designed to be broken in two ; however, the only text on it is the personal identification number and the letters SF, which stands for Suomi Finland, within a tower stamped atop of the upper half.

The Finnish part lies entirely within Tornio in northern Finland, and is actually only long.

Although the parliamentary process had disappointed the labour movement, dominance in the Finnish Parliament and in legislation seemed to be the only true pathway to reach a more economically and socially balanced society.

The bill also furthered Finnish independence by restricting Russia's influence on domestic Finnish affairs: the Provisional Government of Russia would determine only the foreign and military policies of Finland.

The Finnish Red Guards achieved their only victories as they retreated from southern Finland towards Russia.

As a result, only 7, 000 to 10, 000 troops participated in the Finnish Civil War, of which no more than 4, 000, in separate smaller units of 100-1, 000 men, could be persuaded to fight in the front line.

The concept of a Finnish " country " in the modern sense developed only slowly during the period of the 15th – 18th centuries.

Despite this, the majority of Finnish poetry remained only in the oral tradition.

During the Continuation War ( 1941 – 1944 ) not only Finnish and Soviet, but also German and Italian vessels operated there ( see also Naval Detachment K and Regia Marina ).

He also served as Speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2003 – 2007 and was his party's nominee in the 2012 Finnish presidential election but received only 6. 7 % of the votes, making it the biggest defeat the Social Democratic Party has ever had in Finnish Presidential elections.

He often used what was termed the " Moscow card " when his authority was threatened, but he was not the only Finnish politician with close relations to Soviet representatives.

* To date, President Kekkonen is the only Finnish person to have a collector coin issued in his honour during his lifetime.

The Finnish and French Green Parties are now the only ones actively participating in government.

There are also a number of grammatical forms which are used in written Finnish, but only very rarely in spoken.

The year featured in the coins can date back to 1999, when the currency was formally established ( only Belgian, Finnish, French, Dutch, and Spanish coins have 1999 ).

Overlord Karellen, the " Supervisor for Earth ," speaks directly only to Rikki Stormgren, the Finnish UN Secretary-General.

German forces in Finnish territory launched an offensive against the city in 1941 as part of Operation Silver Fox, and Murmansk suffered extensive destruction, the magnitude of which was rivaled only by the destruction of Leningrad and Stalingrad.

Note that in the original Swedish text there is no reference to Finland ( except for in verses 4 and 10, which are rarely sung ), only to a country in the north, but the Finnish text explicitly refers to Finland.

The presidential standard and the command signs of the Minister of Defence, Chief of Defence, and Commander of the Finnish Navy are flown only by the respective persons.

The French public appeared to have laid more of the blame on President Jacques Chirac, who allegedly said that " the only worse food than British food is Finnish " which is widely believed to have offended two Finnish members of the International Olympic Committee.

Gobineau's basic concept, as further refined and developed in Nazism, places the black Aboriginal Australians and " African savages " at the bottom of the hierarchy, while the white Northern and Western European Aryans ( consisting of Germans, Finnish, Swedish, Icelanders, Norwegians, Danish, British, French, Northern Italians, Irish and Dutch ) were at the top ; white olive-skinned Southern Europeans ( consisting of the Spanish, Southern Italians, Greeks and Portuguese, i. e. those of what is called the Mediterranean race, which was regarded as another subrace of the Caucasian race ) in the upper middle ranks ; Slavs ( Even though the Slavs are white and of Indo-European ancestry, the Nazis placed them lower on the scale because they were regarded as primarily of the Alpine race rather than the Nordic race, and thus fit only to be peasants.

Sweden's particular geographical position made her virtually invulnerable for six months out of the twelve, her Pomeranian possessions afforded her an easy ingress into the very heart of the moribund empire, while her Finnish frontier was not many leagues from the Russian capital.