The Flynn effect is the name given to a substantial and long-sustained increase in intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world.

There are numerous proposed explanations of the Flynn effect, as well as some skepticism about its implications.

Recent research suggests that the Flynn effect may have ended in at least a few developed nations, possibly allowing national differences in IQ scores to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.

Some studies have found the gains of the Flynn effect to be particularly concentrated at the lower end of the distribution.

Comparison of the IQ distributions indicated that the mean IQ-scores on the test had increased by 9. 7 points ( the Flynn effect ), the gains were concentrated in the lower half of the distribution and negligible in the top half, and the gains gradually decreased as the IQ of the individuals increased.

Some studies have found a reverse Flynn effect with declining scores for those with high IQ.

Researchers have shown that the IQ gains described by the Flynn effect are due in part to increasing intelligence, and in part to increases in test specific skills.

The Flynn effect has been too rapid for genetic selection to be the cause.

An increase only of particular form ( s ) of intelligence would explain why the Flynn effect has not caused a " cultural renaissance too great to be overlooked.

The Flynn effect can be explained by a generally more stimulating environment for all people.

Citing a high correlation between rising literacy rates and gains in IQ, David Marks has argued that the Flynn effect is caused by changes in literacy rates.

Richard Lynn makes the case for nutrition, arguing that cultural factors cannot typically explain the Flynn effect because its gains are observed even at infant and preschool levels, with rates of IQ test score increase about equal to those of school students and adults.

and most of the other factors that have been proposed to explain the Flynn effect.

Possibly related to the Flynn effect is a similar change of skull size and shape during the last 150 years.

Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill ( 2009 ) argue that " From an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks " and that " the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop.

The author suggests that this may be one explanation for the Flynn effect and that this may be an important explanation for the link between national malaria burden and economic development.

Mingroni has proposed heterosis ( hybrid vigor associated with historical reductions of the levels of inbreeding ) as an alternative explanation of the Flynn effect as it pertains to increases of g.

Nevin has argued that much of the Flynn effect can be explained by the slow phase out of lead paint and then leaded gasoline, reducing harm due to prenatal and early childhood lead exposure.

A 2003 study looking at the Flynn effect in Kenya between 1984 and 1998 found that the increase was best explained by parents ' literacy, family structure, and children's nutrition and health.

IQ tests need to be adjusted to account for the Flynn effect.

Then there is a matchmaker, one Mikeen Flynn, a role for which Eddie Foy was happily selected.

His matchmaking is, naturally, incidental, and it only serves Flynn right when a determined widow takes him by the ear and leads him off to matrimony.

If that is the case then this may or may not be related to the Flynn effect.

Rushton and Jensen argue against expecting the Flynn Effect to narrow the US black-white IQ gap since they see that gap as mostly genetic in origin and there is evidence from mathematical analyses that what causes the Flynn effect is different from what causes the black-white gap.

James Robert Flynn PhD FRSNZ ( born 1934 ), aka Jim Flynn, Emeritus Professor of Political Studies at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand, researches intelligence and is famous for his discovery of the Flynn effect, the continued year-after-year increase of IQ scores in all parts of the world.

Flynn defines intelligence to be independent of culture, emphasizing that the style of thought required to deal with problems of survival in a desert ( mapping, tracking ..), is different from that required to do well in the modern West ( academic achievement etc.

Flynn is transparent about his belief in racial equality in his work, but he advocates for open scientific debate about controversial social science claims.

The Flynn effect is the name given to a substantial and long-sustained increase in intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world.

" He posited that " It is possible that the creative core of the Residents is the duo of Flynn and Fox.

" A subset of that belief is that Flynn is the lyricist and that Fox writes the music.

Cryptic openly admits the group's artwork is done by Flynn ( among others ), under various names that, put together, become Pornographics, but the pseudonym is rarely spelled the same way twice ( examples: Porno Graphics, Pore No Graphix, Pore-Know Graphics ); and that Fox is the " sound engineer " – meaning that he is the main producer, engineer, master, and editor of all their recordings.

* Errol Flynn as Sir Robin of Locksley, named Robin Hood

A group was organized to support Flynn, named the American Boys ' Club for the Defense of Errol Flynn ( ABCDEF ); its members included William F. Buckley, Jr.

After the Little Falls and Dakota Railroad was completed in 1882, there was a sidetrack to a mill, called Flen's Landing or Flynn's Siding, with a depot and named for J. C. Flynn of Little Falls, a teacher in the Little Falls schools in the late 1870s ; later he was an inspector for the Northern Pacific Railroad and a representative in the state legislature.

They are named ' Pirates ' after the 1940 film The Sea Hawk starring Errol Flynn.

He was the illegitimate son of another famous actor, Junius Brutus Booth, an Englishman, who named Edwin after Edwin Forrest and Thomas Flynn, two of Junius ' colleagues.

As a teacher in Dublin, Flynn told stories of a rabbit named Cornelius and his friends to her pupils.

In 2007, O ' Flynn was named Musician of the Year at the TG4 Gradam Ceoil Awards, considered to be the foremost recognition given to traditional Irish musicians.

1972 brought his first major release, Prosperous ( named after the village of Prosperous, County Kildare, where the album was recorded ), which brought together the four musicians who shortly thereafter formed Planxty: Liam O ' Flynn, Andy Irvine, and Dónal Lunny.

In 1919, Flynn was named director of the Bureau of Investigation.

He named Illinois House of Representatives Majority Leader Barbara Flynn Currie to Chair the 21-member House committee on impeachment.

They began to compete for the favors of a barmaid named Kitty Flynn who eventually learned their true identities.

It was at Wagner's behest that Cornelius moved to ABQ in 1864, where he finally took a wife, Skylar and fathered a child named Flynn.

Their third child and first son was born in November 2008 and named Flynn Alexander Baxter .< ref >

In May 2000 allegations were made claiming that Nairac had married, and fathered a child with a woman named Nel Lister, also known as Oonagh Flynn or Oonagh Lister.

The suburb is named after John Flynn, who was a Presbyterian Minister and Missionary who was mainly responsible for the formation of the Australian Inland Mission Aerial Medical service in 1928.

Streets in Flynn are named after workers in the flying doctor service and the suburb name ' Flynn ' was gazetted on 9 September 1971.

At the time Paul was writing what he called " country tunes " when he teamed up with an Irish musician, producer, and studio expert named Flynn.