After Duke Eudes's defeat, Aquitaine pledged allegiance formally to the new rising Carolingian dynasty, but still remained out of Frankish central rule until 768 ( Duke Waifer defeated ).

The Frankish king Clovis I united most of Gaul under his rule in the late 5th century, setting the stage for Frankish dominance in the region for hundreds of years.

On his father's death in 814, he inherited the entire Frankish kingdom and all its possessions ( with the sole exception of Italy, which remained within Louis's empire, but under the direct rule of Bernard, Pepin's son ).

The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region known as Francia in Latin, largely corresponding to ancient Gaul, for 300 years from the middle of the 5th century.

The Merovingian Dynasty is continued by his four sons — Theuderic I, Chlodomer, Childebert I and Chlothar I — who divide the Frankish Kingdom and rule from the capitals at Metz, Orléans, Paris and Soissons.

The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards.

Under the Frankish rule, Parma became the capital of a county ( 774 ).

The common contemporary Latin legal term used in documents of the Holy Roman Empire was for a long time regnum (" rule, domain, empire ", such as in Regnum Francorum for the Frankish Kingdom ) before imperium was in fact adopted, the latter first attested in 1157, whereas the parallel use of regnum never fell out of use during the Middle Ages.

The Merovingian Dynasty is continued by his four sons — Theuderic I, Chlodomer, Childebert I and Chlothar I — who divide the Frankish Kingdom and rule from the capitals at Metz, Orléans, Paris and Soissons, respectively.

* Clovis I ( Chlodowech ) becomes the first Catholic king of the Franks and unites all the Frankish tribes under his rule.

* The Croats are not under Frankish rule anymore.

Following the Frankish victory at the Battle of Soissons in 486 AD, Gaul ( except for Septimania ) came under the rule of the Merovingians, the first kings of France.

Clovis ( ; c. 466 – 511 ) or Chlodowech ( Latin Chlodovechus ) was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the leadership from a group of royal chieftains, to rule by kings, ensuring that the kingship was held by his heirs.

This victory at Soissons extended Frankish rule to most of the area north of the Loire.

With the exception of several coastal Venetian possessions, this was the end of Frankish rule in mainland Greece.

In 613, Clotaire II reunited the Frankish Kingdom under his rule, and the region remained a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy under the later Merovingians and Carolingians.

The end of Lombard rule came in 774, when the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered Pavia and annexed the Kingdom of Italy ( mostly northern and central Italy ) to his empire.

As Lothair II had died without heirs, his territory was divided by the 870 Treaty of Meerssen between East and West Francia and finally came under East Frankish rule as a whole by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont.

As a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the area was successively ruled by Bavarian, Frankish and local nobility, and eventually by the Austrian Habsburgs almost continuously from 1335 to 1918, though beset by many raids from the Ottomans and rebellions by local residents against Habsburg rule from the 15th to the 17th centuries.

The Frankish rule of Cyprus started from 1192 and lasted until 1489.

During the Frankish rule, the walls of the city were built along with many other palaces and buildings, including the gothic Saint Sofia Cathedral.

After the Frankish defeat in Roncevaux, Pamplona switched again to Cordovan rule, after Abd-al-Rahman's expedition captured the stronghold in 781.

Another theory considers this legend to be the creation of a mythological past needed to back up the fast-rising Frankish rule in Western Europe.

This was the last Frankish ruler who did not rule over all the Franks.

During this time, Nicosia was the capital of the medieval Kingdom of Cyprus, the seat of Lusignan kings, the Latin Church and the Frankish administration of the island.

Dating back to the Frankish occupation and located in the heart of Nicosia in Cyprus is Hamam Omerye — a true working example of Cyprus's rich culture and diversity, hard struggle, yet sense of freedom and flexibility.

That tax continued to be offered, even after the end of the Frankish rule in Cyprus.

Louis de Mas Latrie includes the village both amongst those that belonged to the family of the king of Cyprus during the period of Frankish rule, and as one of the king's villages that cultivated sugarcane.

Another version mentions that the name was given to the village because it is situated near the coast from where people departed from or arrived to Cyprus by sea, during the Byzantine era or even later during the period of Frankish rule.

During this time, Nicosia was the capital of the medieval Kingdom of Cyprus, the seat of Lusignan kings, the Latin Church and the Frankish administration of the island.

The skin-sap production begun during the Byzantine Empire ( Eastern Roman Empire ), continued during the Middle-Ages ( 5th – 15th century ) and the Frankish era in Cyprus.

The city started to play a regional role as a major urban centre on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish Duchy of Vasconia.

When the siege had started, Saladin was unwilling to promise terms of quarter to the Frankish inhabitants of Jerusalem until Balian of Ibelin threatened to kill every Muslim hostage, estimated at 5000, and to destroy Islam's holy shrines of the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque if quarter was not given.

After the fall of Great Moravia, the rulers of the Bohemian duchy had to deal both with continuous raids by the Magyars and the forces of the Saxon duke and East Frankish king Henry the Fowler, who had started several eastern campaigns into the adjacent lands of the Polabian Slavs, homeland of Wenceslaus ' mother.

After relations between the Frankish kings had settled down, Theudebert found himself embroiled in the Gothic War started when the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I attempted to subdue the Ostrogoths in Italy.

In the late 8th century, the Vipava Valley was included in the Frankish Empire and the Christianization of Slovenes started.

At this point, Frankish mercenaries employed by Allectus started to sack Londinium.

Louis the Pious was rather weak, and fight started between the three sons on one side, and their father and his new wife on the other side, which eventually would lead to the total collapse of the Frankish empire.

Although he started his reign as vassal to Louis the German, king of East Francia, he consolidated his rule to the extent that after 855 he was able to repel a series of Frankish attacks.

Angilbert delivered the document on Iconoclasm from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to Pope Adrian I, and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794 and 796.

This marriage, which took place soon after the death of the Frankish ruler Theudebald in 555, is thought to reflect Audoin's decision to distance himself from the Byzantines, traditional allies of the Lombards, who had been lukewarm when it came to supporting Audoin against the Gepids.

The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.

Salic Law, reestablished during the Hundred Years ' War from an ancient Frankish tradition, caused the French monarchy to permit only male ( agnatic ) descendants of Hugh to succeed to the throne of France.

In 721, the emir of Córdoba had built up a strong army from Morocco, Yemen, and Syria to conquer Aquitaine, the large duchy in the southwest of Gaul, nominally under Frankish sovereignty, but in practice almost independent in the hands of the Odo the Great, the Duke of Aquitaine, since the Merovingian kings had lost power.

Columbanus ( 540 – 23 November 615 ;, meaning " the white dove ") was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries on the European continent from around 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil ( in present-day France ) and Bobbio ( Italy ), and stands as an exemplar of Irish missionary activity in early medieval Europe.

The Bagaudae had been easily suppressed, but Carausius, the man he had put in charge of operations against Saxon and Frankish pirates on the Saxon Shore, had begun keeping the goods seized from the pirates for himself.

Evidence for an explicit Frankish overlordship of Kent comes from a letter written by Pope Gregory the Great to Theuderic, king of Orléans, and Theudebert, king of Metz.

Fortuitously for him, in the Autumn of 1145, Pope Eugenius requested Louis to lead a Crusade to the Middle East, to rescue the Frankish Kingdoms there from disaster.

Some authorities claim the word derives from the Late Latin phrase forestam silvam, meaning " the outer wood "; others claim the term is a latinisation of the Frankish word * forhist " forest, wooded country ", assimilated to forestam silvam ( a common practise among Frankish scribes ).

Frankish * forhist is attested by Old High German forst " forest ", Middle Low German vorst " forest ", Old English fyrhþ " forest, woodland, game preserve, hunting ground " ( English frith ), and Old Norse fýri " coniferous forest ", all of which derive from Proto-Germanic * furhísa -, * furhíþija-" a fir-wood, coniferous forest ", from Proto-Indo-European * perk < sup > w </ sup > u-" a coniferous or mountain forest, wooded height ".

However, there was a Frankish elite which was dispersed all across the empire, and it is from this elite that Franconia derives it name.

Around the 9th century Frankish identity gradually changed from an ethnic identity to a national identity.

The vacuum left may have been resettled then by some Frankish nobles with some more or less numerous retainers from their original core area.

The two monks later canonized as Saints Cyril and Methodius, the brothers from Thessaloniki, were sent to Great Moravia in 862 by the Byzantine emperor at the request of Knyaz ( Duke ) Rastislav, who wanted to weaken the dependence of his country on East Frankish priests.

Authority over Austrasia passed back and forth from autonomy to kingly subjugation, as Frankish lands were alternately united and subdivided by the Merovingian kings.

Godofredus ) destroyed a competing Slav trade centre named Reric, and it is recorded in the Frankish chronicles that he moved the merchants from there to Hedeby.

Only the port of Tyre remained in Frankish hands, defended by Conrad of Montferrat, the paternal uncle of Baldwin V, who had coincidentally arrived just in time from Constantinople.

Aside from Latin, the standard written language of medieval Europe, the populace of crusader Jerusalem communicated in vernacular forms of French and Italian ; Greek, Armenian, and even Arabic were used by Frankish settlers.

Both arose under the reign of the Frankish emperor Charlemagne, from which the knighthood of the Middle Ages can be seen to have had its genesis.

He conquered Barcelona from the Muslims in 801 and asserted Frankish authority over Pamplona and the Basques south of the Pyrenees in 812.

But when Pope Hadrian I called for help from the powerful king Charlemagne, Desiderius was defeated at Susa and besieged in Pavia, while his son Adelchis had also to open the gates of Verona to Frankish troops.

The Italian language preserves a large number of Lombardic words, although it is not always easy to tell them apart from those stemming from other Germanic languages such as Gothic and Frankish.