The French Spur, part of the Outer Defences, looking eastward

The Outer Defences comprise artillery fortifications, and were built in their present form in the 18th century, although some parts, including the French Spur at the east end, date back to the regency of Mary of Guise in the 1550s.

The French Spur was modified slightly to allow more cannons to be mounted.

Image: Cannon_at_the_French_Spur, _Stirling_Castle. jpg | Cannon at the French Spur

The first phase involved a general advance of one mile across the entire front which would place the French, on the right of the line, astride Kereves Spur where they were to dig in.

In the second phase, the British in the centre and on the left would pivot on the French position and sweep up Fir Tree Spur and Gully Spur then capture Krithia village.

publications in the various countries ( including Spur ) as a single journal, to be translated in four editions in English, French, German and Swedish.

After the war, he became well known as one of the best Chamonix climbers and guides, noted for his speedy ascents of some of the most notorious climbs in the French, Italian, and Swiss Alps: the Walker Spur of the Grandes Jorasses, the south face of the Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, the north-east face of Piz Badile, and the north face of the Eiger.

Prominent suburbs and surrounding villages include Ingleside, Battersea, Knockpatrick, Clover, Waltham, Bloomfield, Caledonia Meadows, Brumalia, Spur Tree, Kingsland, French Park, Swabys Hope, Lincoln, Greenvale and Marshalls Pen.

While convalescing in his Virginia home he wrote a book recording his prison experiences and escape, entitled: They Shall Not Have Me Published originally in ( Helion's ) English by Dutton & Co. of New York, in 1943, the book was received by the press as a work of astonishing literary power and one of the most realistic accounts of World War 2, from the French side.

There was only one hitch: the small town of Kehl, on the other side of the Rhine, was still under French jurisdiction.

As the field on which my tent was pitched was a favorite natural playground for the kids of the neighborhood, I had made many friends among them, taking part in their after-school games and trying desperately to translate Grimm's Fairy Tales into an understandable French as we gathered around the fire in front of the tent.

Though Catherine was vexed at the number of French officers streaming to the Turkish standard, there were several under her own, such as the Prince De Nassau ; ;

He dabbled in verse, could get along well among most of the European languages, and was fluent in French and German.

Greek phone service is worse than French, so that it was to be some little time before contact of any sort was established.

The great spectacle was a source of rancor, and Son et Lumiere, which the French were trying to promote with the Athenians, was the reason.

For by now the original cause of the quarrel, Philip's seizure of Gascony, was only one strand in the spider web of French interests that overlay all western Europe and that had been so well and closely spun that the lightest movement could set it trembling from one end to the other.

When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

This lofty disregard for others was not shared by such men as Pierre Flotte and his associates, that `` brilliant group of mediocre men '', as Powicke calls them, who provided the brains for the French embassy that came to Rome under the nominal leadership of the archbishop of Narbonne, the duke of Burgundy, and the count of St.-Pol.

He was unable to send any more help to his allies on the Continent, and during the next few years many of them, left to resist French pressure unaided, surrendered to the inevitable and made their peace with Philip.

In spite of the armistice negotiated by Amadee two years earlier, the war between Bishop Guillaume of Lausanne and Louis of Savoy was still going on, and although little is known about it, that little proves that it was yet another phase of the struggle against French expansion and was closely interwoven with the larger conflict.

The narrator is an Alsatian serving with the French Army, and he has the same name ( Berger ) that Malraux himself was later to use in the Resistance ; ;

For a time it appeared that a common European army might be created, but the project for a European Defense Community was rejected by the French National Assembly in 1954.

When they lost it, the French artillery moved in, and that was the end for Garibaldi that time, on 30 April 1849.

It was not a part of any one of the three ( later four ) zones for occupation by Soviet, American, British, and French troops respectively.

The Indochina struggle was a war to stay out of in 1954, when Gen. Ridgway estimated it would take a minimum of 10 to 15 divisions at the outset to win a war the French were losing.

`` Remember the French railroad baron who was going to take me floating down the Nile ''??

His later novels included fixups such as The Beast ( aka Moonbeast ) ( 1963 ), Rogue Ship ( 1965 ), Quest for the Future ( 1970 ) and Supermind ( 1977 ); expanded short stories ( The Darkness on Diamondia ( 1972 ), Future Glitter ( aka Tyranopolis ) ( 1973 ); original novels such as Children of Tomorrow ( 1970 ), The Battle of Forever ( 1971 ) and The Anarchistic Colossus ( 1977 ); plus sequels to his classic works, many of which were promised, but only one of which appeared, Null-A Three ( 1984 ; originally published in French ).

It was originally named Antlia pneumatica (" Machine Pneumatique " in French ) to commemorate the air pump invented by the French physicist Denis Papin.

The Trekboers, as they were originally known, were mainly of Dutch origin and included Calvinists, such as Flemish and Frisian Calvinists, as well as French Huguenot and German and British protestants who first arrived in the Cape of Good Hope during the period of its administration ( 1652 – 1795 ) by the Dutch East India Company ( Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC ).

Quebec was settled as a French colony, and originally operated under the French civil law system, using the coûtume de Paris.

As time progressed, English country dances were spread and reinterpreted throughout the Western world, and eventually the French form of the name came to be associated with the American folk dances, especially in New England ( this Gallicized name change may have followed a contemporary misbelief that the form was originally French ).

As with most public transport in Cuba, the vehicles used are second hand, and the flagship Tren Francés (" French train ") between Havana and Santiago de Cuba is operated by coaches originally used in Europe between Paris and Amsterdam on the ex-TEE express.

The oldest of these is the French Federation of Speleology ( originally Société de spéléologie ) founded by Édouard-Alfred Martel in 1895, which produced the first periodical journal in speleology, Spelunca.

Attempting to resolve the issue, in 1994, the IUPAC proposed the name joliotium ( Jl ), after the French physicist Frédéric Joliot-Curie, which was originally proposed by Soviet team for element 102, later named nobelium.

That is why the river was originally called the River of the Strait by early French settlers.

The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix ( from French, originally meaning grand prizes ), held on purpose-built circuits and public roads.

( 1964 ; originally published in French, 1947 ), became a standard scholarly definition of feudalism.

Today, only two European regions continue to associate with the Franks: the French province of Île-de-France, originally the Western Franks ' seat of power ; and the Ripuarian Frankish dynasty's adopted homeland, modern Franconia.

Lewis's The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 1950 ), Raymond Briggs's Father Christmas ( 1973 ) and the translation from French of Jean de Brunhoff's Babar and Father Christmas ( originally Babar et le père Noël, 1941 ).

This was the period of the blossoming of MHG lyric poetry, particularly Minnesang ( the German variety of the originally French tradition of courtly love ).

The term gambeson is a loan from Old French gambeson, gambaison, originally wambais, formed after the Middle High German term wambeis " doublet ", in turn from Old High German wamba " stomach " ( cognate to womb.

The term aketon, originally medieval French alcottonem might be a loan from Arabic al-qutn " cotton ( definite article-the cotton )".

* Tidbits, originally French Humor

The Montagnards and the Girondins were both originally Jacobins, a political club which was founded according to republican beliefs and whose members wanted a French democratic republic.

The Vichy Regime – led by Philippe Pétain, the aging war hero of the First World War – was originally intended to be a temporary, care-taker regime, to supervise French administration before the soon-expected defeat of Britain.

For example, the sound ( the sh in shoe ) was originally represented with the letter ⟨ c ⟩ in English, but with the letter ⟨ x ⟩ in French.

It was originally claimed by Spain, but also claimed by the French, who established most of the colonists as part of New France.