According to Yoruba historians, by the time the British came to colonize and subjugate Yorubaland first to itself and later to the Fulani of Northern Nigeria, the Yoruba were getting ready to recover from what is popularly known as the Yoruba Civil War.

Fulani Muslims migrated to Fouta Djallon in Central Guinea and established an Islamic state from 1735 to 1898 with a written Constitution and alternate rulers.

Amid the chaos, other groups began to assert themselves, including the Fulani of Futa Tooro who encroached from the west.

Another difference between native and non-native Hausa is the omission of vowel length in words and change in the standard tone of native Hausa dialects ( ranging from native Fulani and Tuareg Hausa-speakers omitting tone altogether, to Hausa speakers with Gur or Yoruba mother tongues using additional tonal structures similar to those used in their native languages ).

Around that time, Fulani people, invading from the west, were able to make major inroads into Bornu.

Combining these data suggests that Senegal was first populated from the north and east in several waves of migration, the last being that of the Wolof, the Fulani and the Serer.

The formation of the state may have taken place as an influx of Fulani from the east settled in the Senegal valley.

Between 1750 and 1900 from one-to two-thirds of the entire population of the Fulani War states consisted of slaves.

Psychotherapist and political activist Lenora Fulani, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992.

The Sanga cattle breeds originated from hybridization of zebu with indigenous humpless cattle in Africa ; they include the Afrikaner, Red Fulani, Ankole-Watusi, and many other breeds of central and southern Africa.

Fulani in English is borrowed from the Hausa term, and it is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word " Fula " in their language, essentially meaning " little Fula ".

This caste system however, is not followed in places like northern Nigeria or Cameroon, where in many cases the Fulani and Hausa have intermixed and taken influences from each other's cultures.

The Fulani are traditionally a nomadic, pastoralist, trading people, herding cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations.

McCarthy, along with other candidates who had been excluded from the 1992 Democratic debates ( including two-time New Alliance Party Presidential candidate Lenora Fulani, former Irvine, California mayor Larry Agran, " Billy Jack " actor Tom Laughlin, and others ) staged protests and unsuccessfully took legal action in an attempt to be included in the debates.

The formation of the state may have taken place as an influx of Fulani from the east settled in the Senegal valley.

The Yana Gulay mask ’ s purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman and is made from cotton cloth and cowell shells.

In 1513, Dengella Koli led a strong force of Fulani and Mandinka into Fouta Toro seizing it from the Jolof and setting up his own dynasty.

The city is primarily a market town for the surrounding agricultural area, and a meeting place for the Tuareg people from the north and the Fulani people from the south.

Usman ruled from Sokoto as the religious leader of the Fulani jihad states from that point until 1815 when he retired from administrative duties.

Amadu's views brought him into conflict with his local, pagan Fulani chief, who called for help from his suzerain, the Bambara king of Segu.

This is interesting because Fulani works closely with Fred Newman, a former affiliate of LaRouche who broke from the National Caucus of Labor Committees to start his own political activities.

Of these, the Maka-Njem moved into the territory first, after being forced from their home north of the Lom River by migrating Beti-Pahuin peoples, themselves fleeing the Vute, Mbum, Gbaya, and, ultimately, the Fulani.

“ The largest of the city include the Wolof ( 44 % of the population ), Fulani and Tukulor ( 24 %), Serer ( 15 %), Diola ( 5 %) and, Mandinka ( 4 %).” During the 9th century the Tukulor settled in the Senegal River Valley and resided there until the 14th century.

The Wolof, the largest ethnic group in Senegal, have a distinctive musical tradition that, along with the influence of neighboring Fulani, Tukulor, Serer, Jola, and Malinke cultures, has contributed greatly to popular Senegalese music, and to West African music in general.

However, Segerer ( 2009, 2010 ) confirms Sapir's findings that Wolof is not close to Fulani ; he finds the closest relatives of Wolof are several obscure languages along the Casamance River.

The region between the Niger River and Lake Chad was largely populated with the Hausa, the Fulani, and other ethnic groups that had immigrated to the area.

Efik is a dialect cluster spoken by about 3½ million people of Akwa Ibom State and Cross River States of Nigeria, making it the sixth largest language cluster in Nigeria after Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani, and Kanuri.

During the reign of Muhammadu, a Prince named Jimada moved to Patigi, northeast of Bida ( not to be confused with near-identically spelt Pategi, southwest of Bida, on the southern and opposite bank of the Niger River ) protesting against being ruled by a Fulani ( Vandeleur 1898 ).

The Fulani communication during the war was carried along trade routes and rivers draining to the Niger-Benue valley, as well as the delta and the lagoons.

Dan Fodio and his followers fled into the western grasslands of Gudu where they turned for help to the local Fulani nomads.

Undeterred, Clapperton continued his journey alone through Kano to Sokoto, the capital of the Fulani Empire, where by order of Sultan Muhammed Bello he was obliged to stop, though the Niger was only a five day journey to the west.

He continued his studies in Hausaland ( modern Northern Nigeria ), where legend says his teacher was the Fulani Shehu Usman dan Fodio in Degel.

The makeshift army made headquarters at Gurin, a fort at the junction of the Faro and Benue Rivers where Fulani warriors had regrouped after fighting the Bata in 1803.

Many Fulani moved into Hausaland and Borno, and their arrival increased tensions because they had no loyalty to the political authorities, who saw them as a source of increased taxation.

The az-zaġāyah spread far into sub-saharan Africa as well as India, although these places already had their own variants of the spear as well. It was the weapon of choice during the Fulani jihad as well as during the Mahdist War in Sudan.

Among the Fulani people of west Africa, unmarried women wear their hair ornamented with small amber beads and coins, while married women wear large amber ornaments.

Nomads such as the Tuareg and Fulani, who make up about 20 % of Niger's 12. 9 million population, had been so badly hit by the Niger food crisis that their already fragile way of life is at risk.

This uprising was largely composed of the Fulani, who held a powerful military advantage with their cavalry.

During the Fulani wars of the 19th century many towns and villages, about 147, were deserted while their people took refuge in Ogbomoso.

The two are grouped together because since the Fulani War their histories have been largely intertwined.

The origin of the conflict between the Christian Tarok and the Muslim Fulani is rooted in their competing claims over the fertile farmlands of Plateau State in central Nigeria.

The Fulani campaign ran under the slogan " Two Roads are Better than One ," supporting Reverend Jesse Jackson's campaign within the Democratic Party while launching her own run designed to challenge the African American community to sever their historic relationship to the

On June 4, 2006, the State Chairman Frank MacKay started dis-enrollment hearings against Fred Newman, Lenora Fulani, and almost 140 of their followers, in order to seize control of the New York City county organizations.

Those ethnic groups that lacked a centralised government had but one: become slaves to the Fulani and convert to their faith.

Despite their loss of independence, the Fulani were now the preeminent ethnic group of Northern Cameroon.

The Kapsiki are considered one of Cameroon's Kirdi ( pagan ) ethnic groups due to their resistance to Islamisation during the Fulani jihad of Modibo Adama.