Together with the Gandhara grave culture and the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture, it is considered by some scholars a nucleus of Vedic civilization.

The region shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara grave culture, likely corresponding to immigration of Indo-Aryan speakers and the nucleus of Vedic civilization.

The Gandhara grave culture | GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard and Painted Grey Ware culture | PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan movements.

It is believed Indo-Aryans reached Assyria in the west and the Punjab in the east before 1500 BC: the Hurrite speaking Mitanni rulers, influenced by Indo-Aryan, appear from 1500 in northern Mesopotamia, and the Gandhara grave culture emerges from 1600.

About 1800 BC, there is a major cultural change in the Swat Valley with the emergence of the Gandhara grave culture.

With its introduction of new ceramics, new burial rites, and the horse, the Gandhara grave culture is a major candidate for early Indo-Aryan presence.

The standard model for the entry of the Indo-European languages into India is that this first wave went over the Hindu Kush, forming the Gandhara grave ( or Swat ) culture, either into the headwaters of the Indus or the Ganges ( probably both ).

The Gandhara grave culture is thus the most likely locus of the earliest bearers of Rigvedic culture, and based on this assumes an immigration to the Punjab ca.

# REDIRECT Gandhara grave culture

The Gandhara grave culture emerged ca.

The Gandhara grave people have been associated by most scholars with early Indo-Aryan speakers, and the Indo-Aryan migration into the Indian Subcontinent, that, fused with indigenous elements of the remnants of the Indus Valley Civilization ( OCP, Cemetery H ), gave rise to the Vedic Civilization.

Asko Parpola ( 1993: 54 ), argues that the Gandhara grave culture is " by no means identical with the Bronze Age Culture of Bactria and Margiana ".

Greco-Buddhism ( or Græco-Buddhism ) was the syncretism between the culture of Classical Greece and Buddhism in the then Gandhara region of modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE.

The Gandhara Hindko Board is a leading organisation that has been active in the preservation and promotion of the Hindko language and Hindkowan culture since 1993.

The art and culture of Gandhara, at the crossroads of the Kushan hegemony, are the best known expressions of Kushan influences to Westerners.

The hymns of the Rigveda are thus composed in a liturgical language which was based on the natural language spoken in Gandhara during the early phase of the Swat culture, at the end of the Indian Bronze Age.

The script is an ancient Indic script used by the Gandhara culture of ancient Northwest South Asia ( primarily modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan ) to write the Gāndhārī language ( a dialect of Prakrit ) and the Sanskrit language.

Until it was completely conquered by the Muslim Saffarids in the 9th century, Bamiyan shared the culture of Gandhara.

The tribes of the north were mlecchas either because they were located on the frontiers such as Gandhara, Kashmira and Kambojas and therefore both their speech and culture had become contaminated and differed from that of Aryavarta, or else, as in the case of South Indians, they were once Aryas but having forsaken the Vedic rituals were regarded to mleccha status.

Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Kushans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Gandhara, in today ’ s northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mathura, and then the Hindu art of the Gupta empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia.

Ancient Gandhara, the valley of Pekhawar, with the adjacent hilly regions of Swat and Buner, Dir and Bajaur was one of the earliest centers of Buddhist religion and culture following the reign of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, in the third century BC.

It manifested into at least three related regional cultures, the Gandhara Grave culture ( c. 1500-500 BC ), the Painted Grey Ware ( PGW ) culture ( c. 1100-500 BC ) and the Black Slipped Ware ( BSW ) culture ( c. 800-600 BC ).

From these complex experiences was born in 2008 his third book of travels, Con il Buddha di Alessando Magno, long and passionate journey along the paths of the Art of Gandhara, that's to say the syncretism of the preaching of Buddha and the Hellenistic culture brought by Alexander to the Indus.

Yet Indic civilizations knew of what is now Yunnan in China, as " Gandhara " no later than the second century B. C .. Hindu culture, language and religion spread into that part of the world incident to the cultural achievements of the Sahavahanas ( 230 BC – AD 220.

Billon ( alloy ) | Billon drachm of the Huna people | Huna King Napki Malka ( Afghanistan / Gandhara, c. 475 – 576 ). The Hephthalite were another Central Asian nomadic tribe to invade.

It is suggested that people of Gandhara migrated south to Arachosia and transferred the name with them.

It is also contended that the Kurus, Kambojas, Gandharas and Bahlikas were cognate people and all had Iranian affinities, or that the Gandhara and Kamboja were nothing but two provinces of one empire and hence influencing each other's language.

* Ghandari people, who lived in Gandhara

:" In former times, the people of Fusang knew nothing of the Buddhist religion, but in the second year of Da Ming of the Song dynasty ( 485 CE ), five monks from Kipin ( Kabul region of Gandhara ) travelled by ship to that country.

Satyr on a mountain goat, drinking with women, in a Gandhara # Art | Gandhara relief of 2nd-4th century CE

Also in another parallel, the characteristic protector deity of Demetrius ( Herakles standing with his club over his arm, as seen on the reverse of his coins ), was represented in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara as the protector deity of the Buddha.

The king of Takshasila and Gandhara, Ambhi ( also known as Taxiles ), made a peace treaty with Alexander.

In the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, in the first centuries CE in northern India, Maitreya was the most popular figure to be represented, together with the Buddha Śākyamuni.

In Japan, the first series ' ending theme, which was named after the ancient kingdom of Gandhara, was released by Columbia Music Entertainment on October 1, 1978, backed with " Celebration ".

For the second series, the ending theme of " Gandhara " was replaced with " Holy and Bright ", which was released on October 1, 1979 ( the two sides of the single featured a Japanese language version on one side and an English language version on the other ).

In the UK, BBC Records released " Gandhara " as a single in 1979 ( RESL 66 ), with " The Birth of the Odyssey " and " Monkey Magic " on the B-side.

A second BBC single was released in 1980 ( RESL 81 ), this time featuring an edited version of " Monkey Magic ", along with " Gandhara " and " Thank You Baby ", but this single failed to chart.

The Gandhara Satrapy became an independent kingdom based from Afghanistan and vied with the Tang dynasty, Tibet, the Islamic Caliphate and Turkic tribes for domination in the region.

The Shahis of Kabul / Gandhara are generally split up into two eras — the Buddhist-Shahis and the Hindu-Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870 AD.

Several direct depictions of Kushans are known from Gandhara, where they are represented with a tunic, belt and trousers and play the role of devotees to the Buddha, as well as the Bodhisattva and future Buddha Maitreya.

Anthropomorphic symbolism appeared from around the 1st century CE with the arts of Mathura and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, and were combined with the previous symbols.

1st century, Gandhara, with depictions of the triratna and the Dharmacakra.

Gandhara was often linked politically with the neighboring regions of Kashmir and Kamboja.

Under Kanishka, Gandhara became a holy land of Buddhism and attracted Chinese pilgrim to see monuments associated with many Jataka tales.

When the Sassanids were defeated by the Muslim Arabs in AD, Gandhara along with Kabul was ruled by Buddhist Turks.

However, this expansion of Gandhara kingdom coincided with the rise of the powerful Ghaznavid Empire under Sabuktigin.

Along with the discovery of coins, these records provided necessary clues to piece together the history of Gandhara.

An Indo-Corinthian capital with the Buddha at its center, 3-4th century, Gandhara.

Many of the stylistic elements in the representations of the Buddha point to Greek influence: the Greek himation ( a light toga-like wavy robe covering both shoulders: Buddhist characters are always represented with a dhoti loincloth before this innovation ), the halo, the contrapposto stance of the upright figures ( see: 1st – 2nd century Gandhara standing Buddhas and ), the stylized Mediterranean curly hair and top-knot apparently derived from the style of the Belvedere Apollo ( 330 BCE ), and the measured quality of the faces, all rendered with strong artistic realism ( See: Greek art ).