During this time, he began to attack fellow members of the Georgian Communist Party, particularly Gaioz Devdariani, who was Minister of Education of the Georgian SSR.

Category: First Secretaries of the Georgian Communist Party

In Georgia, the government of Eduard Shevardnadze ( who was then First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party ) arrested Gamsakhurdia and his fellow dissident Merab Kostava.

The coalition won a convincing victory, with 64 % of the vote, as compared with the Georgian Communist Party's 29. 6 %.

He served as President of Georgia from 1995 to 2003, and as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party ( GPC, the de facto leader of Soviet Georgia ), from 1972 to 1985.

He joined the Georgian Communist Party ( GCP ) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) in 1948 at the age of twenty.

He was demoted in 1961 by the Politburo of the Georgian Communist Party after offending a senior official.

After initiatsing a successful anti-corruption campaign supported by the Soviet government Shevardnadze was voted-in as Second Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party.

Shevardnadze was appointed to the First Secretaryship of the Georgian Communist Party by the Soviet government with the task of suppressing the grey and black-market capitalism that had grown under Vasil Mzhavanadze's rule.

Under his rule he created agencies attached to the Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party whose main task was studying, analysing and molding public opinion.

At the 25th Congress of the Georgian Communist Party Shevardnadze told the congress ; " for Georgians, the sun rises not in the east, but in the north — in Russia ".

Category: First Secretaries of the Georgian Communist Party

During this period the province was led by Lavrentiy Beria, first secretary of the Georgian Central Committee of the Georgian Communist Party The Soviet Government forced Georgia to cede several areas to Turkey ( the province of Tao-Klarjeti and part of Batumi province ), Azerbaijan ( the province of Hereti / Saingilo ), Armenia ( the Lore region ) and Russia ( northeastern corner of Khevi, eastern Georgia ).

The decentralisation program introduced by Khrushchev in the mid-1950s was soon exploited by Georgian Communist Party officials to build their own regional power base.

Eduard Shevardnadze, the country's interior minister between 1964 and 1972, gained a reputation as a fighter of corruption and engineered the removal of Vasil Mzhavanadze, the corrupt First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party.

Towards the end of the late 1980s, increasingly violent clashes occurred between the Communist authorities, the resurgent Georgian nationalist movement and nationalist movements in Georgia's minority-populated regions ( notably South Ossetia ).

It was founded in 1994 through the merger of the Stalin Society, the Georgian Workers Communist Party and the Union of Communists of Georgia.

Afterwards, through the Bolshevik and Communist period, in spite of the forced ideology and fierce censorship, Tbilisi State University managed to maintain national ardour, devotion to public ideals, raised the best representatives of Georgian intelligentsia, many famous scientific schools in mathematics, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, historiography were also established on the University basis.

First signs of revival can be seen from the 1970s, when Eduard Shevardnadze, then secretary of the Georgian SSR's Communist Party, adopted a more tolerant stance, and new Patriarch Ilia II could from 1977 renovate derelict churches, and even build new ones.

On July 1, 1985 Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed Shevardnadze as Minister of Foreign Affairs replacing Andrei Gromyko.

On April 14, 1989 Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party for his poor handling of the April events, and replaced him with the former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.

22 people, including the most recent president Mikheil Saakashvili, approved candidate of the united opposition Levan Gachechiladze, influential businessman Badri Patarkatsishvili, Leader of the New Right Party David Gamkrelidze, the Leader of the Georgian Labour Party Shalva Natelashvili, the Leader of Hope Party Irina Sarishvili-Chanturia and Giorgi Maisashvili put forward themselves for forthcoming elections.

Prominent members of Georgian Menshevik Party were Noe Ramishvili, Evgeni Gegechkori, Akaki Chkhenkeli, Nikolay Chkheidze and Alexandre Lomtatidze.

Irakli ( Kaki ) Tsereteli (; ) ( 20 November 1881 – 20 May 1959 ) was a Georgian politician, one of the leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and later the Georgian Mensheviks.

Category: Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party politicians

Mikheil Saakashvili (, ; born 21 December 1967 ) is a Georgian politician, the third and current President of Georgia and leader of the United National Movement Party.

In June 2002, he was elected as the Chairman of the Tbilisi Assembly (" Sakrebulo ") following an agreement between the United National Movement and the Georgian Labour Party.

In Georgian mythology, Amirani is a culture hero who challenged the chief god, and like Prometheus was chained on the Caucasian mountains where birds would eat his organs.

** The Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia and the chief of the Georgian Orthodox Church in Georgia, recognized as a Catholicate ( Patriarchate ) in 1008

Another Georgian chronicle Kartlis Tskhovreba (“ History of Kartli ”) claims Azo to be an officer of Alexander ’ s, who massacred a local ruling family and conquered the area, until being defeated at the end of the 4th century BC by Prince Pharnavaz, who was at that time a local chief.

Soviet rule was harsh: about 50, 000 people were executed and killed in 1921 – 1924, more than 150, 000 were purged under Stalin and his secret police chief, the Georgian Lavrenty Beria in 1935 – 1938, 1942 and 1945 – 1951.

However, Georgian NKVD chief, Sergei Goglidze, warned Beria, who immediately flew to Moscow to see Stalin personally.

The Tetri Giorgi holiday (" tetrigiorgoba ") was once marked annually on August 14, when many pilgrims from the eastern Georgian provinces attended an overnight feast at the saint's chief shrine – a 14th-century Orthodox Christian church overlooking the village Atsquri in what is now Akhmeta Municipality, Kakheti.

An exception to the Polish government's official attitude pertained to Georgian Prometheism, which enjoyed support with both the foreign minister, Aleksander Skrzyński, and the chief of the General Staff, Gen. Stanisław Haller.

He served an editor in chief of the leading Georgian national magazines Iveria ( 1882-3 ) and Droeba ( 1883-5 ).

* 2003 – Rose Revolution: the Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.

* 29 August 1995 – Eduard Shevardnadze, the Georgian head of state, survives an assassination attempt in Tbilisi.

* 9 February 1998 – Eduard Shevardnadze, the Georgian head of state, survives an assassination attempt in Tbilisi.

* August 29 – Eduard Shevardnadze, the Georgian head of state, survives an assassination attempt in Tbilisi.

In September 2003, former Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze made a last minute decision not to sign this agreement with the Vatican after a protest rally took place in Tbilisi, provoked from and backed by the Georgian Orthodox Church.

* Georgian: ედუარდ ( Eduard )

Ivanov played a key role in mediating a deal between Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze and opposition parties during Georgia's " Rose Revolution " in 2003.

Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ; born 25 January 1928 ) is a former Soviet minister of foreign affairs, and later, Georgian statesman from the height to the end of the Cold War.

According to statistics released by the Georgian Election Commission, the elections were won by a combination of parties supporting President Eduard Shevardnadze.

Saakashvili and other Georgian opposition leaders formed a " United People's Alliance " in November 2003 to bring together the United National Movement, the United Democrats, the Union of National Solidarity and the youth movement " Kmara " in a loose alliance against the government of President Eduard Shevardnadze.

The Union of Citizens of Georgia () ( also known as the Citizens ' Union of Georgia or Georgian Citizens ' Union ) is a centre-left political party established by Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia between 1992-2003 and David Chantladze, former General Trade Representative of Soviet Union to Czechoslovakia.

Eduard Kokoity ( Кокойты Джабейы фырт Эдуард, Kokojty Džabejy fyrt Eduard ; Эдуард Джабеевич Кокойты ; ედუარდ ჯაბეს ძე კოკოითი, Eduard Jabes dze K ' ok ' oiti ; surname also rendered as Kokoyty or Kokoiti or in a Russified version as Kokoyev ) was born in Tskhinvali, in the Georgian SSR, a part of the Soviet Union at the time.

The new Georgian anthem was adopted by the Parliament of Georgia on 20 May 2004, exactly 5 months after the resignation of President Eduard Shevardnadze in the Rose Revolution.

He met then Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze multiple times, as part of a regular series of negotiations during his two years in office.

Tengiz Kitovani () ( born June 9, 1938 ) is a retired Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia and served as a Defense Minister until being gradually sidelined by Eduard Shevardnadze who had earlier been invited to lead the nation after a successful coup d ' etat launched by Kitovani and his allies against President Zviad Gamsakhurdia.

In December 2009, he also met Eduard Kokoity, the breakaway South Ossetian leader, ostensibly to help release of the Georgian teenagers detained by the South Ossetian milita.

On March 1, 2002, in response to the domestic outcry, Russian president Vladimir Putin met with Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze in Kazakhstan and pledged his support for the American military initiative.