The word Angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo-European root * anghu -, " restraint " from which Old High German angust developed.

The Aar ( German Aare ), a tributary of the High Rhine, is the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.

The German spoken today over the range of the former Alemanni is termed Alemannic German, and is recognised among the subgroups of the High German languages.

Alemannic runic inscriptions such as those on the Pforzen buckle are among the earliest testimonies of Old High German.

The High German consonant shift is thought to have originated around the 5th century either in Alemannia or among the Lombards ; before that the dialect spoken by Alemannic tribes was little different from that of other West Germanic peoples.

Aachen is at the western end of the Benrath line that divides High German to the south from the rest of the West Germanic speech area to the north.

The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word * anguz meaning " narrow " ( modern High German " eng ") or " angular " ( of the shape of the Jutland peninsula ).

The Suebian language developed into Old High German, while the Angles and Jutes were among the speakers of Old Saxon.

* 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters.

The first known use of the word ball in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in in the phrase, "" The word came from the Middle English bal ( inflected as ball-e ,-es, in turn from Old Norse böllr ( pronounced ; compare Old Swedish baller, and Swedish boll ) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z, ( whence probably Middle High German bal, ball-es, Middle Dutch bal ), a cognate with Old High German ballo, pallo, Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic * ballon ( weak masculine ), and Old High German ballâ, pallâ, Middle High German balle, Proto-Germanic * ballôn ( weak feminine ).

When the German motorized forces were met with a counterattack at Arras, British tanks with heavy armour ( Matilda I & IIs ) created a brief panic in the German High Command.

In the latter part of the war, Germany was practically a military dictatorship, with the Supreme High Command ( German: OHL, " Oberste Heeresleitung ") and General Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg as commander-in-chief advising the Kaiser.

At the British Bomber Command, Dyson and colleagues proposed ripping out two gun turrets from the RAF Lancaster bombers, to cut the catastrophic losses to German fighters in the Battle of Berlin.

He reported to the German High Command that his three German divisions numbered just 1, 200 – 1, 500 men each and resupply was proving highly problematic because of enemy interference from the air.

These groups — the Nazi party and government leadership, the German General Staff and High Command ( OKW ); the Sturmabteilung ( SA ); the Schutzstaffel ( SS ), including the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ); and the Gestapo — had an aggregate membership exceeding two million, making a large number of their members liable to trial if the organisations were convicted.

In 1899, the Imperial Naval High Command was replaced by the German Imperial Admiralty Staff ( Admiralstab ) responsible for planning, the training of officers, and naval intelligence.

Meanwhile, the Luftwaffe continued to defend German – occupied Europe against the growing offensive power of RAF Bomber Command and the United States Army Air Forces.

Inevitably, both the Bomber B and Amerika Bomber programs were victims of the continued emphasis of the Wehrmacht's insistence for the Luftwaffe to support the Army as its primary mission, as well as the increasingly devastating results of the RAF Bomber Command at night, and by 1943 the USAAF's Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces ' heavy bomber raids by daylight on the German aviation industry, which catastrophically diminished the Third Reich's overall aviation production capacity later in World War II.

* 1942 – The Bombing of Lübeck in World War II is the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and a German city.

The German Army High Command (, OKH ) originally planned an invasion on a vast scale, extending from Dorset to Kent.

On 18 December, Hitler signed War Directive No. 21 to the German High Command for an operation now codenamed " Operation Barbarossa " stating: " The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign.

However, Bethmann-Hollweg was forced to resign and the German High Command, hoping for a military victory, delayed the German reply until 20 September.

The forces at the disposal of the German Command may never be accurately known.

However, Ultra also encompassed decrypts of the German Lorenz SZ 40 / 42 machines that were used by the German High Command, and the Hagelin machine and other Italian and Japanese ciphers and codes such as PURPLE and JN-25.

During planning for the Normandy beach invasion, it was decided that it was vitally important that the German High Command be misled that the landing would happen at the Pas de Calais.

On 9 June ( 3 days after D-day ), sent a message to German High Command that reached Adolf Hitler saying that he had conferred with his agents and developed an order of battle showing 75 divisions in England – in reality, there were only about 50.

The German High Command accepted's reports so completely that they kept two armoured divisions and 19 infantry divisions in the Pas de Calais waiting for a second invasion through July and August 1944.

The world is stunned by the rapidity of the German advance and the Polish High Command is effectively isolated, but lack of infantry support and effective civilian resistance cause Hoeppner to halt outside the city itself.

Eisenhower used Patton's " furlough " as a trick to mislead the Germans as to where the next attack would be, since Patton was the general that the German High Command believed would lead the attack.

The results were exaggerated, and the Western Allies concluded that the " city-busting " techniques were now a part of the German way in war.

On the Western Front, no Allied army had penetrated the western German frontier, and on the Eastern Front, Germany had already won the war against Russia, concluded with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Jutland also concluded with a messy night action between the German High Seas Fleet and part of the British destroyer screen.

Germany concluded four treaties with the Soviet Union covering the overall bilateral relationship, economic relations, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of the former German Democratic Republic, and German support for those troops.

After the adjournment of the Moscow conference following six weeks of failed discussions with the Soviets regarding a potential German reconstruction, the United States concluded that a solution could not wait any longer.

The Reichskonkordat was an integral part of four concordats Pacelli concluded on behalf of the Vatican with German States.

This was done probably in order to avoid German connotations in light of the recently concluded First World War as well as to capitalize on Adolph's distant relation to World War I flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker.

Karl Peters, who formed the Society for German Colonization, concluded a series of treaties by which tribal chiefs in the interior accepted German " protection.

The German Dresden Historians ' Commission, in an official 2010 report published after five years of research concluded there were up to 25, 000 casualties, while right-wing groups continue to claim that up to 500, 000 people died.

When the assembly was concluded, Otto III and his mother Theophanu travelled across the Alps in order for Otto III to receive his coronation at Aachen, the traditional site for the coronation of the German kings.

In an interview conducted for Stars and Stripes just after his capture, Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt summed up the predominant German view of the American general: " Patton ," Rundstedt concluded simply, " he is your best.

Scientists concluded after the tests were completed that a large release of anthrax spores would thoroughly pollute German cities, rendering them uninhabitable for decades afterwards.

The Brothers Grimm rejected several tales for their collection, though told orally to them by Germans, because the tales derived from Perrault, and they concluded they were thereby French and not German tales ; an oral version of Bluebeard was thus rejected, and the tale of Briar Rose, clearly related to Perrault's Sleeping Beauty, was included only because Jacob Grimm convinced his brother that the figure of Brynhildr, from much earlier Norse mythology, proved that the sleeping princess was authentically Germanic folklore.

General von Kuhl concluded that the fighting strained German fighting power to the limit but that the German forces prevented a breakthrough although it was becoming much harder to replace losses.

In 2007 Jack Sheldon concluded that casualty figures were irrelevant because the German army could not afford heavy losses or lose the initiative by being compelled to fight another defensive battle on ground of the Allies ' choosing.

Politically, he concluded the Concordat of Vienna, or Aschaffenburg ( 17 February 1448 ) with the German King, Frederick III, by which the decrees of the Council of Basel against papal annates and reservations were abrogated so far as Germany was concerned.

In response to protests from other senior officers that something was amiss as proven by the loss of the entire supply ship network in early 1941, in the middle of 1941 and again in the middle of 1942, Raeder ordered investigations into the security of German codes, but in both cases, it was concluded that the British were not reading German codes because the Enigma machine was considered to be unbreakable.

General Joffre had concluded, from the easy fall of the Belgian fortresses at Liège and at Namur that this type of defensive system was obsolete and could no longer withstand shelling by German heavy siege guns.

The two surviving branches, with Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria on the German side, concluded an agreement in 1154 which allocated the family's Italian possessions to the younger line, the Fulc-Este, who in the course of time acquired Ferrara, Modena and Reggio.

In 1717 he went to Leipzig, where he was befriended by Johann Burkhard Mencke ( 1674 – 1732 ), who recognized his genius ; and there he published a poem on the peace of Passarowitz ( concluded between the German emperor and the Porte in 1718 ) which acquired him reputation.

The Survey concluded that one reason German production rose in so many areas was in part that the German economy did not go on a complete war footing until late 1942 and 1943.