* 1945 – The Red Army begins the final assault on German forces around Berlin, with nearly one million troops fighting in the Battle of the Seelow Heights.

* 1940 – Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded Red Army Faction ( d. 1977 )

* 1918 – World War I: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, known as " The Red Baron ", is shot down and killed over Vaux-sur-Somme in France.

* 1977 – German Federal prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light.

The German invasion of France, with subsidiary attacks on Belgium and the Netherlands, consisted of two phases, Operation Yellow ( Fall Gelb ) and Operation Red ( Fall Rot ).

The Red Army was able to regroup far to the rear of the main battle line, and eventually defeat the German forces for the first time in the Battle of Moscow.

Carl Meinhof was the great-uncle ( the brother of the grandfather ) of Ulrike Meinhof, a founding member of the German Red Army Faction ( RAF ), a left-wing militant group, which operated in West Germany in 1970s and 1980s.

It was during the Red Terror that the Cheka, hoping to avoid the bloody aftermath of having half-dead victims writhing on the floor, developed a technique for execution known later by the German words " Nackenschuss " or " Genickschuss ", a shot to the nape of the neck, which caused minimal blood loss and instant death.

These were the sole immigration records for entering the country and were prepared not by the U. S. Bureau of Immigration but by steamship companies such as the Cunard Line, the White Star Line, the North German Lloyd Line, the Hamburg-Amerika Line, the Italian Steam Navigation Company, the Red Star Line, the Holland America Line, and the Austro-American Line.

This however soon ended when a large number of the German inhabitants of Elbing fled before the Soviet Red Army approached the city during World War II.

After liberation from the fascist occupation on 29 November 1944, several Albanian partisan divisions crossed the border into German-occupied Yugoslavia, where they fought alongside Tito's partisans and the Soviet Red Army in a joint campaign which succeeded in driving out the last pockets of German resistance.

One of the German POWs successfully seduces the beautiful and tough Red Army Captain Alexandra Kasalniskaya ( Eva Bartok ) who prefers him to the sadistic camp commandant, which as Bartov comments also is meant to show that even in defeat, German men were more sexually virile and potent than their Russian counterparts.

Parachutes were well-developed by 1918 having previously been used by balloonists, and were adopted by the German flying services during the course of that year ( the famous " Red Baron " was wearing one when he was killed ), but the allied command continued to oppose their use on various grounds.

This was just the opportunity the German Luftwaffe, Italian Regia Aeronautica, and the Soviet Union's Red Air Force needed to test their latest aircraft.

* 1943 – World War II: Attempting to completely lift the Siege of Leningrad, the Soviet Red Army engages German troops and Spanish volunteers in the Battle of Krasny Bor.

* 1918 – First victory of Red Army over the Kaiser's German troops near Narva and Pskov.

* 1945 – World War II: The siege of Budapest concludes with the unconditional surrender of German and Hungarian forces to the Red Army.

A general offensive by the Whites ( whose Guards ' total force was about the same as that of the Red Guards ) began on 15 March 1918, bolstered by the intervention of the 10, 000-strong Baltic Sea Division and the 3, 000-strong Detachment Brandenstein of the German army.

The significance of the Finnish-Russian Red treaty evaporated almost immediately, due to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between the Bolsheviks and the German Empire on 3 March 1918.

In foreign policy, the Vaasa Senate leaned on the German Empire for military and political aid, in order to defeat the Finnish Red Guards, end the influence of Bolshevist Russia in Finland, and expand Finnish territory to Russian Karelia.

The troops of the Red Guards were not professional soldiers but armed civilians, whose military training and discipline were mostly inadequate to resist the counter-attack of the White Army when it came, still less the onslaught of the German forces who arrived later.

In the fierce battles against German troops on 28 – 29 April 1918 at Hauho and Tuulos, Syrjäntaka, female Red Guard platoons played a marked role.

As the German army seized Helsinki, the White Army shifted its military focus to Viipuri, taking it on 29 April 1918 with a major attack of 18, 500 men, against 15, 000 Red troopers.

German artillery bombarded and destroyed the Helsinki Workers Hall, and put out the Red lantern of the Finnish revolution.

* 1938 – Adolf Hitler institutes the Cross of Honor of the German Mother

This policy was reinforced by bestowing the Cross of Honor of the German Mother on women bearing four or more babies.

Once again, the anti-tank defences were overwhelmed and about 380 New Zealanders were taken prisoner including Captain Charles Upham who gained a second Victoria Cross for his actions including destroying a German tank and several guns and vehicles with grenades despite being shot through the elbow by a machine gun bullet and having his arm broken.

He served in the German field artillery and nascent air force in World War I and was awarded the Iron Cross, rising to the rank of lieutenant.

* 1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British military aviator to earn the Victoria Cross, for defeating three German two-seat observation aircraft in one day, over the Western Front.

All German and Austro-Hungarian military aircraft in service used the Iron Cross insignia until early 1918.

* 1944 – World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop on New Cross High Street, United Kingdom, killing 168 shoppers.

Heydrich received several Nazi and military awards, including the German Order, Blood Order, Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver combat mission bars, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.

Hitler attended, and placed Heydrich's decorations — including the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swords — on his funeral pillow.

Several German military orders in both world wars had grades adorned with crossed swords, e. g. Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern ), and so was the British Order of Merit when awarded for military achievements.

When the German 65th Army Corps received a false Double Cross V-1 report that there was considerable damage in Southampton — which had not been a V-1 target — the V-1s were temporarily aimed at the South Coast Ports.

As, Pujol was, on 29 July 1944, awarded the Iron Cross Second Class for his services to the German war effort.

The Iron Cross was presented via radio, and he received the physical medal from one of his German handlers after the war had ended.

The city became the centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and the gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany, with the Iron Cross military decoration founded by Frederick William III of Prussia in early March 1813.

In 1913, the newly-built Centennial Hall housed the " Ausstellung zur Jahrhundertfeier der Freiheitskriege ", an exhibition commemorating the 100th anniversary of the historical German Wars of Liberation against Napoleon and the first award of the Iron Cross.

Edith Stein, also Saint Teresia Benedicta of the Cross, informally also known as Saint Edith Stein ( born: October 12, 1891 – died: August 9, 1942 ), was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and nun, regarded as a martyr and saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

He has received numerous awards such as the Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Gutenberg Prize awarded by the City of Mainz, the Werner von Siemens Ring and the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation ( 1992 ).

For example, in 1957 the German government re-issued World War II Iron Cross medals without the swastika in the center.

There is a hill overlooking the town called Cross Hill, which has a fort on it with some Victorian cannons and a pair of BL 5. 5 inch Mark I naval guns, that were originally fitted to HMS Hood ; the latter were used to repel a U-Boat German attack during World War II with surprisingly great success-the Germans did not approach the island again.

# Use of German agents controlled by the Allies through the Double Cross System to send false information to the German intelligence services

An attempt to capture the neighbouring German second position failed, though two Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross in the attempt.

For his injuries, Stauffenberg was awarded the Wound Badge in Gold on 14 April and for his courage the German Cross in Gold on 8 May.

* Hungary's Government of National Unity ( 1944 – 1945 )-The pro-Nazi régime of Prime Minister Ferenc Szálasi supported by the Arrow Cross Party was a German puppet régime.

" He quotes Nazi German reports about the civilian victims and atrocities, later corroborated by a Red Cross commission that the Nazis invited to the scene.