At Stettin the university-educated artist, who had studied German, was chosen to serve as interpreter and clerk in the office of the Stalag commander.

* 1876 – Erich Raeder, German naval commander ( d. 1960 )

He ordered immediate reinforcement of the vital heights of Alam Halfa, just behind his own lines, expecting the German commander, Erwin Rommel, to attack with the heights as his objective, something that Rommel soon did.

The OKW believed it too risky to allow German Corps and Army Groups to be operated and commanded independently by one field commander.

Allied fighters, by gaining air superiority over the European battlefield, played a crucial role in the eventual defeat of the Axis, which Reichmarshal Hermann Göring, commander of the German Luftwaffe summed up when he said: " When I saw Mustangs over Berlin, I knew the jig was up.

During his life Cocteau was commander of the Legion of Honor, Member of the Mallarmé Academy, German Academy ( Berlin ), American Academy, Mark Twain ( U. S. A ) Academy, Honorary President of the Cannes film festival, Honorary President of the France-Hungary Association and President of the Jazz Academy and of the Academy of the Disc.

* 1883 – Alfred Saalwächter, German U-boat commander ( d. 1945 )

Karl Dönitz (; 16 September 1891 – 24 December 1980 ) was a German naval commander during World War II.

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Voroshilov was made commander of the short-lived Northwestern Direction, controlling several fronts.

Working alongside military commander Andrei Zhdanov as German advances threatened to cut off Leningrad he displayed considerable personal bravery, prancing around in defiance of heavy shelling at Ivanovskoye ; at one point he rallied retreating troops and personally led a counter-attack against German tanks armed only with a pistol.

* 1913 – Reinhard Hardegen, German U-Boat commander

He participated mainly in German politics, both as a representative of his father and the commander of the Polish troops.

* 1887 – Erich von Manstein, German military commander ( d. 1973 )

Among these were the killing of CEO of MTU Aero Engines, a German engineering company, Ernst Zimmermann ; another bombing at the US Air Force's Rhein-Main Air Base ( near Frankfurt ), which targeted the base commander and killed two bystanders ; the car bomb attack that killed Siemens executive Karl-Heinz Beckurts and his driver ; and the shooting of Gerold von Braunmühl, a leading official at Germany's foreign ministry.

San Marino's hope to escape further involvement was shattered on 27 July 1944 when Major Gunther, commander of the German forces in Forlì, delivered a letter from German headquarters in Ferrara to San Marino's government declaring that the country's sovereignty could not be respected if, in view of military requirements, the necessity of transit of troops and vehicles arose.

* 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes when Heinrich von Vietinghoff, commander of the German Tenth Army, orders his troops to withdraw from Salerno.

Captain John H. Miller, the company commander of Charlie Company, 2nd Ranger Battalion, survives the initial landing and assembles a group of soldiers to penetrate the German defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach.

A skillful and remarkably successful guerrilla campaign waged by the German commander Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck kept the war in Tanganyika going for the entire length of the First World War.

On January 31, 1943 the Sixth Army's commander, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered, and on February 2, with the elimination of straggling German troops, the Battle of Stalingrad was over.

The John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough | Duke of Marlborough was the commander of the English, Dutch and German forces.

* August 6 – Peter Strasser, German naval officer and airship commander ( b. 1876 )

* July 3 – Lothar von Trotha, German military commander ( d. 1920 )

* June 3 – Walther Wever, German general and Luftwaffe commander ( b. 1887 )

* 1744 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer ( d. 1803 )

He was a poet and a member of the völkisch agitators who, together with journalist Karl Harrer, founded the German Workers ' Party ( DAP ) in Munich with Gottfried Feder and Dietrich Eckart in 1919.

The first convincing synthesis was in 1981 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ( Institute for Heavy Ion Research, GSI ) in Darmstadt using the Dubna reaction.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

After finishing his studies he went on long educational voyages from 1710 to 1724 through Europe, visiting other German states, England, Holland, Italy, and France, meeting with many famous mathematicians, such as Gottfried Leibniz, Leonhard Euler, and Nicholas I Bernoulli.

The German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz made a similar argument with his principle of sufficient reason in 1714.

André Le Breton, a bookseller and printer, approached Diderot with a project for the publication of a translation of Ephraim Chambers ' Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences into French, first undertaken by the Englishman John Mills, and followed by the German Gottfried Sellius.

The legend of Der Erlkönig appears to have originated in fairly recent times in Denmark and Goethe based his poem on " Erlkönigs Tochter " (" Erlkönig's Daughter "), a Danish work translated into German by Johann Gottfried Herder.

" The term is further derived from the German expression Volk, in the sense of " the people as a whole " as applied to popular and national music by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics over half a century earlier.

Hitler continued to refer to corporatism in propaganda, but it was not put into place, even though a number of Nazi officials such as Walther Darré, Gottfried Feder, Alfred Rosenburg, and Gregor Strasser were in favour of a neo-medievalist form of corporatism, since corporations had been influential in German history in the medieval era.

* 1724 – Gottfried Heinrich Bach, German son of Johann Sebastian Bach ( d. 1763 )

* 1714 – Gottfried August Homilius, German composer ( d. 1785 )

Weimar ’ s Courtyard of the Muses, a tribute to The Enlightenment and the Weimar Classicism depicting German poets Friedrich Schiller | Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland | Wieland, Johann Gottfried Herder | Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Goethe.

Hassium was first synthesized in 1984 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research ( Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ) in Darmstadt.

The German philosopher, Gottfried Leibniz, came up with what is now called Leibniz's law ( see Identity of indiscernibles ) that may have some bearing on the question.

* 1646 – Gottfried Leibniz, German mathematician ( d. 1716 )

* 1750 – Johann Gottfried Vierling, German organist and composer ( d. 1813 )

* 1905 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, German SS officer ( d. 1946 )

* 1956 – Gottfried Benn, German poet ( b. 1886 )

* 1728 – Johann Gottfried Müthel, German composer and noted keyboard virtuoso ( d. 1788 )

* 1886 – Gottfried Benn, German author ( d. 1956 )

* 1715 – Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, German child of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach ( d. 1739 )

Meitnerium was first synthesized on August 29, 1982 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research ( Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ) in Darmstadt .< ref name = 82Mu01 > The team bombarded a target of bismuth-209 with accelerated nuclei of iron-58 and detected a single atom of the isotope meitnerium-266:

* 1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian ( d. 1827 )