Kotwica painted by Gray Ranks on pedestal of Warsaw's Aviators ' Monument

" Gray Ranks " () was a codename for the underground Polish Scouting Association () during World War II.

The Gray Ranks included the White Couriers, who between late fall 1939 and mid-1940 helped smuggle many persons out of Soviet-occupied southeastern Poland into Hungary.

Though formally independent, the Gray Ranks worked closely with the Government Delegation for Poland and Home Army Headquarters.

The Gray Ranks had their own headquarters, the Naczelnictwo, manned by five or six persons.

In addition to the Scouting moral code, the Gray Ranks also followed a basic three-step path of action.

The Gray Ranks ' structure was based on the prewar structure of the Polish Scouting Association, modified to suit the new circumstances of occupation and repression.

The commander's office and headquarters of the Gray Ranks were code-named " the Apiary " ( Pasieka ).

The Gray Ranks ' successive commanders were:

At the apogee of the Gray Ranks ' strength, Headquarters commanded 20 banners.

As of 1 May 1944, the Gray Ranks numbered 8, 359 members.

# REDIRECT Gray Ranks

The Operation Arsenal, code name: " Meksyk II " () was the first major operation by the Szare Szeregi ( Gray Ranks ) Polish Underground formation during the Nazi occupation of Poland.

On 26 March 1943 in Warsaw, Operation Arsenal was conducted by the Szare Szeregi ( Gray Ranks ) Polish Underground formation and led to the release of arrested troop leader Jan Bytnar " Rudy ".

More members joined by mid-May 1946, including Harold Gray ( Little Orphan Annie ) and the Society ’ s first animator, Paul Terry, followed in the summer by letterer Frank Engli, Bela Zaboly ( Popeye ), Al Capp ( Li ’ l Abner ) and Ray Bailey ( Bruce Gentry ).

Soon followed by listener call-ins, this is often credited as the first instance of talk radio, and Gray is often billed as " The hot mama of Talk Radio.

E. H. Gerrish, of Bangor, is now recognized as the first person to produce wood-and-canvas canoes commercially, but other Maine builders soon followed, including, B. N. Morris, of Veazie, E. M. White, of Old Town, and, of course, the Gray family of the Old Town Canoe Co.

A shootout between the mob and union members followed ; SCU member Ralph Gray was murdered, several men and women were injured, and at least thirty black men were later arrested ( at least four others were lynched ).

This was followed by the 1981 " S " versions which only came in Cosmos Silver Metallic, Cirrus Gray Metallic and Mars Red without the colour accents.

This was followed by Torchy The Battery Boy and Four Feather Falls, a puppet Western based on a concept suggested by Gray.

Gray got his Ph. D. in 1969, in programming languages, which was followed by two years of post-doctoral work for IBM.

An unimpressive campaign under the management of Frank Gray followed in 2007 – 08, before a disastrous 2008 – 09 season which saw three men ( Kim Grant, Phil Gilchrist and Graham Baker ) take charge of the club, eventually resulting in the club's relegation to the Conference South.

The weekday schedule begins with the morning's sports news, debate and reaction on The Alan Brazil Sports Breakfast, followed by Richard Keys and Andy Gray, who take an in-depth look at the day's sports stories and invite listeners to have their say.

Gray joined the band in time for their first European tour, followed by another UK tour and ( on 24 February 1981 ) the " Sky at Westminster Abbey " concert.

Productions at the Haymarket in 2000 included Collected Stories ( Donald Marguiles ), starring Helen Mirren, and August Strindberg's Miss Julie, followed in 2001 by The Blue Room by David Hare ; Japes by Simon Gray, directed by Peter Hall ; and The Royal Family ( Edna Ferber ), starring Judi Dench.

The loss of touring income, coupled with the band members ' increased dedication to their day jobs and families, eventually contributed to the departure of several key members: in 2000, guitarist Gray left the band, followed by Palmer and co-founder Terry in 2002.

Jead Goldkette and Ben Pollack were also early influential African American swing musicians, and were followed by yet more dance-oriented swing bands led by Jimmie Lunceford, Earl Hines, Don Redman, Count Basie, Glen Gray, Dorsey Brothers, Bob Crosby, Luis Russell, Andy Kirk, Glenn Miller, and Benny Carter.

This was followed by Birdsong ( 1993 ), and Charlotte Gray ( 1998 ).

Various projects soon followed, including recording the song " I Just Remember Goodbye " for the film Gray Matters starring Tom Cavanagh, Heather Graham, and Bridget Moynahan.

She toured Oklahoma with various bands, starting with Merl Lindsay and His Oklahoma Night Riders at age 16, followed by the Bill Gray Band at 18.

Indeed, many ex-Everton players including striking partners Andy Gray and Graeme Sharp, cite Harvey's promotion to first team coach as the main reason for the team's reversal of fortune and the great success that followed.

A second album followed in 2001, Psycho-Narco, with a new bass player Gav Gray who replaced longtime bassist Floyd London.

With the exception of Colenso the South African bishops forthwith surrendered their patents, and formally accepted Bishop Gray as their metropolitan, an example followed in 1865 in the province of New Zealand.

That success followed with his next album El Hombre del Traje Gris ( The Man in the Gray Suit ), and followed with a successful tour of South America.

Gray Line of the United States introduced 30 Tridents with open-top Duple Metsec bodywork ( assembled by Alexander ) for its sightseeing services, these were followed by 10 buses with the same specifications.

" And American University's Gray records, “ She also published in Annales de chimie et de physique an examination of principles which led to the discovery of the laws of equilibrium and movement of elastic solids.

The university president, Morris, has credited the knowledge and principles of SCI with contributing to the success of its graduates and SCI degrees have been awarded to Morris, Doug Henning, Mike Tompkins, Benjamin Feldman the Finance Minister for Global Country of World Peace, best-selling author John Gray, and " Invincible Defense Technology " expert David R. Leffler.

Its critics claim equivalence economy is practically impossible, and some indeed point to Marx's rejection in the Grundrisse of the " time-chit " theory of allocating goods proposed by 18th and 19th century utopian socialists such as John Francis Bray and John Gray On this view, Dieterich at most shows that the allocation of goods according to commercial principles is only one method of allocating resources ; other methods such as sharing, redistribution, subsidization, barter, grants and direct allocation according to need may often serve the interest of fairness, efficiency and social justice better, provided that people accept a common ethic about what is best for all, if they can see that adopting such an ethic has good results.

Charles Gray, in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, argues that Coke as a judge never intended to advocate the judicial review of statutes, Bailyn writes that " Coke had not meant ... that there were superior principles of right and justice which Acts of Parliament might not contravene ... saying that courts might ' void ' a legislative provision that violated the constitution he meant only that the courts were to construe statutes so as to bring them into conformity with recognized legal principles ".

The origin of the name is often attributed to Gilda Gray, a Polish emigrant to America.

Gilda Gray ( October 24, 1901 – December 22, 1959 ) was a Polish born American actress and dancer who became famous in the U. S. for popularizing a dance called the " shimmy " which became fashionable in 1920s films and theater productions.