Demetrius ( son of the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus ) invaded northern India in 180 BCE as far as Pataliputra and established an Indo-Greek kingdom.

Around 125 BCE, the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles, son of Eucratides, fled from the Yuezhi invasion of Bactria and relocated to Gandhara, pushing the Indo-Greeks east of the Jhelum River.

Gold stater of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides I | Eucratides, the largest gold coin of Antiquity.

Coin depicting the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I | Euthydemus ( 230 – 200 BC )

* Antiochus III advances into Bactria, which is ruled by the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I, and again meets with success.

* Around this time, Eucratides, who is either a rebellious Bactrian official or a cousin of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, captures the throne of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom by toppling the Euthydemid dynasty's king Antimachus I.

Year 209 BC saw Antiochus in Bactria, where the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus I had supplanted the original rebel.

Euthydemus I ( Greek: Εὐθύδημος Α ΄) ( c. 260 BC – 200 / 195 BC ), Greco-Bactrian king in about 230 or 223 BCE according to Polybius., he is thought to have originally been a Satrap of Sogdiana, who overturned the dynasty of Diodotus of Bactria and became a Greco-Bactrian king.

Demetrius I (, /) was a Buddhist Greco-Bactrian king ( reigned circa 200 – 180 BC ).

Silver tetradrachm depicting the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius ( r. c. 205 – 171 BC ).

Guesses among historians have been that Menander was either a nephew or a former general of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I, but the two kings are now thought to be separated by at least thirty years.

The kingdom was founded when the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India early in the 2nd century BC ; in this context the boundary of " India " is the Hindu Kush.

2 ) Herakles on coin of Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria | Demetrius I.

Silver obol of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria | Demetrius.

After 250 BCE, the city probably remained in contact with the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom centered on Bactria, especially when the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus extended his control to Sogdiana.

Gold stater of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides I | Eucratides, the largest gold coin of Antiquity.

The Greco-Bactrian king, Demetrius, capitalized on the break-up, and he conquered southern Afghanistan and Pakistan around 180 BC, forming the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Sagala was used as a capital by the Greco-Bactrian ( alternatively Indo-Greek or Graeco-Indian ) king Menander during his reign between 160 and 135 BCE

* Demetrius I of Bactria, Greco-Bactrian king ( reigned c. 200-180 BC )

Silver coin depicting the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria | Demetrius I ( 200-180 BCE ) wearing an elephant scalp, symbol of his conquest of India.

One of the Greco-Bactrian kings, Demetrius I of Bactria, invaded India around 180 BC to form the Greco-Indian kingdom, lasting until around AD 20.

* Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom dies and is succeeded by his son Demetrius I of Bactria ( approximate date ).

* 180 BCE: Greco-Bactrian King Demetrius invades India as far as Pataliputra and establishes the Indo-Greek kingdom ( 180 – 10 BCE ), under which Buddhism flourishes.

The Fergana area, called Dayuan by the Chinese, remained an integral part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom until after the time of Demetrius I of Bactria ( c. 120 BCE ), when confronted with invasions by the Yuezhi from the east and the Sakas Scythians from the south.

After the Mauryans were overthrown by the Sunga Dynasty in 185 BC, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom invaded and conquered northwestern India ( present-day Pakistan ) with an army led by Demetrius I of Bactria.

The clearest examples of Hellenistic art are found in the coins of the Greco-Bactrian kings of the period, such as Demetrius I of Bactria.

2 ) Herakles on coin of Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria | Demetrius I.

According to W. W. Tarn, Apollodotus I was one of the generals of Demetrius I of Bactria, the Greco-Bactrian king who invaded northwestern India after 180 BCE.

Agathocles issued a series of " pedigree " dynastic coins, probably with the intent to advertise his lineage and legitimize his rule, linking him to Alexander the Great, a king Antiochus Nikator ( Greek: " Νικάτωρ " " Victorious ", probably intended is Antiochus III ), the founder of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom Diodotus and his son Diodotus II, Euthydemus, Pantaleon, and Demetrius.

The city of Sirkap was built by the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius after he invaded ancient India around 180 BC.

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded when Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria ( and probably the surrounding provinces ) seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.

* 200 BC – Euthydemus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom from 223 BC ( approximate date )

** Diodotus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom ( approximate date )

* Diodotus I, Seleucid satrap of Bactria, rebels against Antiochus II and becomes the founder of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.

* Euthydemus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom from 223 BC ( approximate date )

* King Diodotus II of Bactria is killed by an usurper, Euthydemus I, founder of the Greco-Bactrian Euthydemid dynasty.

* Diodotus I, King of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom ( approximate date )

Attic Tetradrachm of Menander I in Greco-Bactrian style ( Alexandria of the Caucasus | Alexandria-Kapisa mint ).

Around 250 BCE, the eastern part of the Seleucid Kingdom broke away to form the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.

The Greco-Bactrian kings issued the first cupronickel coins, with Euthydemus II, dating from 180 to 170 BCE, and his younger brothers Pantaleon and Agathocles around 170 BCE.

The weakness of the Greco-Bactrian empire was shown by its sudden and complete overthrow, first by the Sakas, and then by the Yuezhi ( who later became known as Kushans ), who had conquered Bactria by the time of the visit of the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian ( circa 127 BCE ), who had been sent by the Han emperor to investigate lands to the west of China.

The name Daxia appears in Chinese from the 3rd century BCE to designate a mythical kingdom to the West, possibly a consequence of the first contacts with the expansion of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, and then is used by the explorer Zhang Qian in 126 BCE to designate Bactria.

Later, the Eastern part of the Seleucid Kingdom broke away to form the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom ( 3rd – 2nd century BCE ), followed by the Indo-Greek Kingdom ( 2nd – 1st century BCE ), and later the Kushan Empire ( 1st – 3rd century CE ).

The Greco-Bactrian city of Ai-Khanoum ( c. 300-145 BCE ) was located at the doorstep of India.

The origins of Greco-Buddhist art are to be found in the Hellenistic Greco-Bactrian kingdom ( 250 BCE-130 BCE ), located in today ’ s Afghanistan, from which Hellenistic culture radiated into the Indian subcontinent with the establishment of the Indo-Greek kingdom ( 180 BCE-10 BCE ).

Powerful Hellenistic states were established in the areas of Bactria and Sogdiana, and later northern India for three centuries following the conquests of Alexander the Great around 330 BCE: the Seleucid empire until 250 BCE, followed by the Greco-Bactrian kingdom until 130 BCE, and the Indo-Greek kingdom from 180 BCE to around 10 BCE.