However, when the time came, Anna quickly and surreptitiously mobilized the remainder of the family and took refuge in the Hagia Sophia.

He then took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia and from there appealed to the populace.

Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia.

Anthemius of Tralles ( c. 474 – before 558 ; ) was a Greek professor of Geometry in Constantinople ( present-day Istanbul in Turkey ) and architect, who collaborated with Isidore of Miletus to build the church of Hagia Sophia by the order of Justinian I. Anthemius came from an educated family, one of five sons of Stephanus of Tralles, a physician.

As an architect he is best known for replacing the old church of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople in 532 ; his daring plans for the church strikingly displayed his knowledge.

He described the string construction of the ellipse and he wrote a book on conic sections, which was excellent preparation for designing the elaborate vaulting of Hagia Sophia.

) The mosques that were built after the conquest of Constantinople ( Istanbul ) by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, and influenced by the design of the 6th century Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia, had increasingly elevated and large central domes, which create a vertical emphasis that is intended to be more overwhelming ; in order to convey the divine power of Allah, the majesty of the Ottoman Sultan, and the governmental authority of the Ottoman State.

The Church of Hagia Sophia, the sacred palace of the emperors, the hippodrome, and the Golden Gate were among the largest of the many churches, public edifices, and monuments lining the arcaded avenues and squares.

Hagia Sophia | St Sophia, c. 1000

Mosaic above the Imperial Gate in the Hagia Sophia.

12th century mosaic from the upper gallery of the Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.

When Mehmed finally entered Constantinople through what is now known as the Topkapi Gate, he immediately rode his horse to the Hagia Sophia which he ordered to be sacked.

Visitors and merchants were especially struck by the beautiful monasteries and churches of the city, in particular, Hagia Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom: A Russian 14th-century traveler, Stephen of Novgorod, wrote, " As for St Sophia, the human mind can neither tell it nor make description of it.

Interior view of the Hagia Sophia museum.

* Hagia Sophia

By the 9th century, eunuch singers were well-known ( not least in the choir of Hagia Sophia ), and remained so until the sack of Constantinople by the Western forces of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.

* 563 – The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by earthquakes.

* 537 – The Hagia Sophia is completed.

Those of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, of the 8th and 9th century, are wrought in bronze, and the west doors of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle ( 9th century ), of similar manufacture, were probably brought from Constantinople, as also some of those in St. Marks, Venice.

* 532 – Byzantine Emperor Justinian I orders the building of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.

Viking graffiti survive in Rome and at Newgrange Mound in Ireland, and a Varangian scratched his name ( Halvdan ) in runes on a banister in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople.

Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, Karnataka | Bijapur, has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia.

Isidore of Miletus was one of the two main Byzantine Greek architects ( Anthemius of Tralles was the other ) that Emperor Justinian I commissioned to design the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople from 532-537A. D.

Isidore of Miletus was a renowned scientist and mathematician before Emperor Justinian I hired him, “ Isidorus taught stereometry and physics at the universities, first of Alexandria then of Constantinople, and wrote a commentary on an older treatise on vaulting .” Emperor Justinian I appointed his architects to rebuild the Hagia Sophia following his victory over protesters within the capital city of his Roman Empire, Constantinople.

Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, the architects of the famous Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, also contributed towards mathematical theories concerning architectural form, and the perceived mathematical harmony needed to create a multi-domed structure.

Justinian's monuments in Istanbul include the domed churches of Hagia Sophia and Hagia Irene, but there is also an earlier, smaller church of Sts Sergius and Bacchus ( locally referred to as " Little Hagia Sophia "), which might have served as a model for both in that it combined the elements of a longitudinal basilica with those of a centralized building.

The Selimiye Mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey, was the first structure built by the Ottomans which had a larger dome than that of the Hagia Sophia.

In early churches, including the " Great Church " Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, the altar, at least in large churches, was under a ciborium (" ciborion ": κιβωριου in Greek ), usually a structure with four columns and a domed canopy.

The structure is nevertheless smaller in size than its older archetype, the Hagia Sophia.

Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles originally planned on a main hall of the Hagia Sophia that measured 230 feet by 250 feet, making it the largest church in Constantinople, but the original dome was nearly 20 feet lower than it was constructed, “ Justinian suppressed these riots and took the opportunity of marking his victory by erecting in 532-7 the new Hagia Sophia, one of the largest, most lavish, and most expensive buildings of all time .” Although Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles were not formally educated in architecture, they were scientists that could organize the logistics of drawing thousands of laborers and unprecedented loads of rare raw materials from around the Roman Empire to create the Hagia Sophia for Emperor Justinian I.

* 1054 – Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy.

This tradition continued unabated after the adoption of Christianity in the Byzantine ( East Roman ) religious and secular architecture, culminating in the revolutionary pendentive dome of the 6th century church Hagia Sophia.

The Hippodrome of Constantinople ( really a Roman circus, not the open space that the original Greek hippodromes were ) was connected to the emperor's palace and the Church of Hagia Sophia, allowing spectators to view the emperor as they had in Rome.

The first experimentation with pendentives were made in Roman dome construction beginning in the 2nd – 3rd century AD, while full development of the form was achieved in the 6th century Eastern Roman Hagia Sophia at Constantinople.

These ecclesiatical basilicas ( e. g., St. John Lateran and St. Peter's in Rome ) were themselves outdone by Justinian's Hagia Sophia, a staggering display of later Roman / Byzantine power and architectural taste.

The Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople employed nearly 10, 000 workmen and artisans, in a final burst of Roman art under Emperor Justinian ( 527 – 565 AD ), who also ordered the creation of the famous mosaics of Ravenna.

The Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople employed nearly 10, 000 workmen and artisans, in a final burst of Roman art under Emperor Justinian I, who also ordered the creation of the famous mosaics of Ravenna.

After the ascendency of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the consular processions in Constantinople retained their religious character, now proceeding to Hagia Sophia, where prayers and offerings were made ; but in Rome, where Christianity was not so widely spread among the upper classes, at first the tendency was to convert the procession into a purely civil function, omitting the pagan rites and prayers, without substituting Christian ones Only after Theodosius did the processions become a religious event, repeat with icons, crosses, and banners.

In Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity Sophia, or rather Hagia Sophia, Holy Wisdom is an expression of understanding of the Holy Spirit, ( as in the dedication of the church of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul ) and for example as in the Old Testament in the Book of Proverbs 9: 1, but in no way in terms of pagan goddess worship.

Most notably, he had the Hagia Sophia, originally a basilica style church that had been burnt down during the Nika riots, splendidly rebuilt according to a completely different ground plan, under the architectural supervision of Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles.

* February 23 – Emperor Justinian I orders the building of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.

Hagia Sophia (; from the, " Holy Wisdom "; or Sancta Sapientia ; ) is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

The city's famous patriarchal basilica, the Hagia Sophia, had already been converted into a mosque by the conquerors, so Gennadius established his seat at the Church of the Holy Apostles.

The Church of St. Polyeuctus in Constantinople ( 524-527 ) was apparently built as a large and lavish domed basilica similar to the Meriamlik church of fifty years before and to the later Hagia Irene of Emperor Justinian, by Anicia Juliana, the last descendent of the former Imperial House.

Both had been basilica plan churches and both were rebuilt as domed basilicas, although the Hagia Sophia was on a much grander scale.

The Hagia Sophia of Constantinople, once the greatest basilica in all of Christendom.

Most notably, the Hagia Sophia ( Justinian's sixth-century Christian basilica, which had been converted into a mosque by Mehmet II ) was made a museum in 1935.

Ancient texts indicated that the basilica contained gardens, surrounded by a colonnade and facing the Hagia Sophia.