He also attempted to gain the favor of the Garde — renamed the Haitian Army ( Armée d ' Haïti ) in March 1947 — by promoting Lavaud to brigadier general and by seeking United States military assistance.

The artist was twenty-one years old when his series of paintings of the Haitian general Toussaint L ’ Ouverture was shown in an exhibit of African American artists at the Baltimore Museum of Art.

He won the Haitian general election, 1990-1991 with 67 % of the vote and was briefly President of Haiti, until a September 1991 military coup.

These included greatly increasing access to health care and education for the general population ; increasing adult literacy and protections for those accused of crimes ; improving training for judges, prohibiting human trafficking, disbanding the Haitian military ( which primarily had been used against the Haitian people ), establishing improved human rights and political freedom ; doubling the minimum wage, instituting land reform and assistance to small farmers, providing boat construction training to fishermen, establishing a food distribution network to provide low cost food to the poor at below market prices, building low-cost housing, and attempting to reduce the level of government corruption.

The Haitian general Henri Christophe ( referred to as Enrique Cristóbal in Spanish-language accounts ), under Dessalines, attacked the towns of Moca and Santiago.

It was again excluded from participation in the 2010 – 2011 Haitian general election by the electoral council.

Clear sided ballot box es used in the Haitian elections, 2006 | Haitian general election in 2006

Civilian elections did take place in 1990 ( Haitian general election, 1990 – 1991 ), in which Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected, but the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état, in which Chamblain was involved, overthrew Aristide just eight months later.

He led the 2004 Haitian coup d ' état that ousted Jean-Bertrand Aristide and he was a presidential candidate in the Haitian general election, 2006.

Early on he was considered a frontrunner for the Haitian general election, 2006 but later fell behind the main contenders simply because he did not have the money required for a campaign.

Clear sided ballot boxes used in the Haitian elections, 2006 | Haitian general election in 2006

However, the forces of those favoring Spanish sovereignty as protection from continued Haitian threats and invasions, led by general Pedro Santana, a large landowner from the eastern lowlands, took over and exiled Duarte.

The current president is Michel Joseph Martelly, who received 68 percent of the votes in the Haitian general election, 2010 – 2011.

At the time, Christophe was a general in the Haitian army and chief administrator of the country's northern regions.

Ultimately, Bazin received 14 % of the vote, Jean-Bertrand Aristide winning the Haitian general election, 1990 – 1991 with 67 %.

She oversaw the first truly free elections in Haiti on December 16, 1990 ( Haitian general election, 1990 – 1991 ), which Jean-Bertrand Aristide won with 67 % of the vote.

# REDIRECT Haitian general election, 2006

The period between the fall of Magloire and the election of Duvalier in September 1957 was a chaotic one, even by Haitian standards.

" The election was followed several months later by the Haitian presidential election, 1988, which was boycotted by almost all the previous candidates, and saw turnout of just 4 %.

In May 2000 the Haitian legislative election, 2000 for the Chamber of Deputies and two-thirds of the Senate took place.

On 4 April 2011, a senior Haitian official announced that Michel Martelly had won the second round of the election against candidate Mirlande Manigat.

On 21 December 2007, a speech by Aristide marking the new year and Haiti's Independence Day was broadcast, the fourth such speech since his exile ; in the speech he criticized the 2006 presidential election in which Préval was elected, describing it as a " selection ," in which " the knife of treason was planted " in the back of the Haitian people.

On August 5, 2010, Jean filed for candidacy in the 2010 Haitian presidential election, although the Electoral Commission subsequently ruled him ineligible to stand as he had not met the requirement to have been resident in Haiti for five years.

On August 5, Jean formally filed papers as a candidate for the 2010 Haitian presidential election, following media speculation that he would make his announcement that evening on Larry King Live.

In 1987, Chamblain allegedly headed government death squads that attacked voters at the Haitian presidential election, 1987, causing it to be cancelled ; the election was to permit transition to civilian rule.

The 129 member Haitian parliament was also elected at this election.

He was related to Louis Déjoie ( his great-grandfather Thomas married Leonie Déjoie ), who lost the 1957 Haitian presidential election to François " Papa Doc " Duvalier, and although the family also had connections to the new president, Gaetjens's younger brothers became associated with a group of exiles in the Dominican Republic who wanted to stage a coup.

The last Haitian migrants departed Guantanamo on November 1, 1995.

* Bob Corbett's 1995 on-line course on Haitian history

Since the establishment of CARICOM by the mainly English Creole-speaking parts of the Caribbean region CARICOM has become multilingual in practice with the addition of Dutch speaking Suriname on 4 July 1995 ( although the lingua franca in Suriname is Sranan Tongo, which is an English-based Creole like the languages spoken in much of the rest of CARICOM ) and Haiti, where French and Haitian Creole are spoken, on 2 July 2002.

He is known for his trilogy of novels about Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution, published 1995 – 2004.

* All Souls ' Rising, a novel about Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution, was a finalist for the 1995 National Book Award and the 1996 PEN / Faulkner Award.

On 17 January 1995, UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali issued a 17-page report on the result of the intervention: the report noted the ongoing repression in Haiti, the complete lack of justice for victims of the September 1991 coup d ' état, the deteriorating economic situation, and the growing impatience of the Haitian people.

Roland I. Perusse is the author of Haitian Democracy Restored: 1991 -- 1995, a book about the coup-to-democracy period in Haitian political history.

Operation Uphold Democracy ( 19 September 1994 – 31 March 1995 ) was an intervention designed to remove the military regime installed by the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état that overthrew the elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

*" Our Payroll, Haitian Hit " ( Allan Nairn, The Nation, October 9, 1995 )

The Kreyol version of Haiti: Harvest of Hope was narrated by Haitian poet Jean-Claude Martineau and premiered in Haiti on Haitian Mother's Day in May 1995.

* June 8 – Haitian revolutionary Toussaint L ' Ouverture is seized by French troops and is imprisoned at the Fort de Joux.

In September 1991 the army performed a coup against him ( 1991 Haitian coup d ' état ), led by Army General Raoul Cédras, who had been promoted by Aristide in June to Commander in Chief of the Army.

" On 14 June 1964, a constitutional referendum made Duvalier " President for Life ", a title previously held by seven Haitian presidents.

However, farmers feared that they were being given seeds that would " threaten local varieties " and an estimated 8-12, 000 farmers attended a protest of the donation on June 4, 2010 organized by a Haitian farmers ' association, the Peasant Movement of Papay, where a small pile of seeds was symbolically burned.

He was overthrown by Gen. Henri Namphy on June 20, 1988 in the June 1988 Haitian coup d ' état.

* For an insightful article on the function of religion in the Haitian Revolution, see “ The Rhetoric of Prayer: Dutty Boukman, The Discourse of “ Freedom from Below ,” and the Politics of God ” by Celucien L. Joseph, Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion 2: 9 ( June 2011 ): 1-33.

Sebastien Vorbe ( born June 4, 1976 in Thomassin ) is a Haitian soccer player and the nephew of popular Haitian soccer player Philippe Vorbe.

The Haitian Campaign Medal was authorized again in December 1921 and was presented to any member of the Navy or Marine Corps who had performed military operations in Haiti between the dates of April 1, 1919 and June 15, 1920.

According to Yves Engler and Anthony Fenton in their book Haiti: Waging War on the Poor Majority, Pina was beaten by an off-duty SWAT officer of the Haitian National Police on June 4, 2005.

In June 2006 an American labor magazine, Labor Notes, documented the role that the ORIT, ICFTU, ILO, and the AFL-CIO played in supporting elements opposed to the government of Haitian leader Aristide.