* The initial consonant phoneme exhibited by the character 話 ( word, speech ; Mandarin hua ) is pronounced f or v in Hakka ( v does not properly exist as a distinct unit in many Chinese languages ).

History recorded battles between the Hakka and the Taiwanese-language speakers ; between these and the aborigines ; and between those who spoke the Choân-chiu variant of what became the Taiwanese language and those who spoke the Chiang-chiu variant.

To trace their origins, three accepted theories so far have been brought forth among anthropologists, linguists, and historians: firstly, the Hakka are Han Chinese originating solely from the Central Plain in China containing today's Shanxi and Henan provinces ; secondly, the Hakka are Han Chinese from the Central Plain, with some inflow of those already in the south ; or thirdly, the majority of the Hakka are Han Chinese from the south, with portions coming from those in the north.

Take note, however, that this is a work in progress ; some vernacular names are still without their Hakka pronunciations.

** Hong Xiuquan 洪秀全 ( 1812-1864 ; Huaxian, Guangdong ; Hakka pronunciation: Fung Siew Chen ), Heavenly King ; Leader, Taiping Rebellion

*** Feng Yunshan 馮雲山 / 冯云山 ( 1815-1852 ; Huaxian, Guangdong ; Hakka pronunciation: Fung Yun San ), South King

*** Yang Xiuqing 楊秀清 / 杨秀清 ( 1821-1856 ; Guiping, Guangxi ; Hakka pronunciation: Yong Siew Tshin ), East King

*** Shi Dakai 石達開 / 石达开 ( 1831-1863 ; Guiping, Guangxi ; Hakka pronunciation: Sak Tat Hoi ), Wing King

*** Li Xiucheng 李秀成 ( 1823-1864 ; Tengxian, Guangxi ; Hakka pronunciation: Lee Siew Sin ), Loyal King

Deng was born into an ethnically Hakka Han family in Paifang village ( 牌坊村 ), Xiexing township ( 协兴镇 ), Guang ' an County in Sichuan province, approximately 160 km from Chongqing ( formerly spelled Chungking ).

In addition to the following representative dishes from the people of Hoklo ( Hō-ló ) ethnicity ( see Taiwanese people ), there are also Aboriginal, Hakka, and local derivatives of Chinese cuisines such as beef noodle soup.

The Hakka groups established Chinatowns in Africa ( particularly Mauritius ), Latin America, and the Caribbean.

Overseas Chinese who are ethnically Han Chinese, such as Cantonese, Hokkien, or Hakka refer to Overseas Chinese as 唐人 ( Tángrén ), pronounced tòhng yàn in Cantonese, Tn ̂ g-lâng in Hokkien, and tong nyin in Hakka.

Amongst themselves, Hakka people variously called their language Hak-ka-fa (- va ) 客家話, Hak-fa (- va ), 客話, Tu-gong-dung-fa (- va ) 土廣東話, literally, " Native Guangdong language ," and Ngai-fa (- va ) 話, " My / our language ".

* Characters such as 武 ( war, martial arts ) or 屋 ( room, house ), pronounced roughly mwio and uk in Early Middle Chinese, have an initial v phoneme in Hakka, being vu and vuk in Hakka respectively ( Mandarin: wu ).

* The initial phonemes of the characters 人 and 日, among others, are a ng consonant in Hakka ( 人: ngin, 日: ngit ), and have a corresponding reading in Mandarin as an initial r-consonant.

Surrounding Meixian are the counties of Pingyuan 平遠 ( Hakka: Pin Yen ), Dabu 大埔 ( Hakka: Tai Pu ), Jiaoling 蕉嶺 ( Hakka: Jiao Liang ), Xingning 興寧 ( Hakka: Hin Nen ), Wuhua 五華 ( Hakka: Ng Fah ), and Fengshun 豐順 ( Hakka: Foong Soon ).

The Hakka population sometimes also eat spring rolls on the 3rd day of the 3rd month of the lunar calendar ( 三月三 sān yuè sān ).

Aborigines settled near Hakka communities were sometimes assigned Hakka-like family names.

The differences between the sea dwelling Tanka and land dwellers were not just based on merely their way of life, Cantonese and Hakka who lived on land fished sometimes for a living, but these land fishermen never mixed or married with the Tanka fishermen, barring the Tanka from celebrations.

The differences between the sea dwelling Tanka and land dwellers were not just based on merely their way of life, Cantonese and Hakka who lived on land fished sometimes for a living, but these land fishermen never mixed or married with the Tanka fishermen, barring the Tanka from celebrations.

In Hakka cuisine, yellow bean paste is added, sometimes along with fried shallots.

Pontianak slang is influenced by Malay, Teochew and Dayak and sometimes combined with Hakka.

This version, which the Hakka claim to be the original, consists of tofu cubes heaped with minced meat ( usually pork and fish ) and herbs, then fried until golden brown, or sometimes braised.

It was colonized by the Dutch in the 17th century, followed by an influx of Han Chinese including Hakka immigrants from areas of Fujian and Guangdong of mainland China, across the Taiwan Strait.

Most conflicts were between Han from Fujian and Han from Guangdong, between people from different areas of Fujian, between Han and Hakka settlers, or simply between people of different surnames engaged in clan feuds.

However, as explained in detail, documented evidence shows that the majority of Plains people remained on the plains, intermarried Hakka and Hoklo immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong, and adopted a Han identity, where they remain today.

During the 40 years of Dutch colonial rule of Taiwan, many Han Chinese from the Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Hakka regions of mainland China were recruited to help develop Taiwan.

It is commonly held that the Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese that originated in northern China.

Many other regions with unique dishes and styles are represented in China, including Hakka, Macau, Hainan, Taiwan, and Northeast cuisines.

Hakka cuisine, or Kejia cuisine, is the cooking style of the Hakka people, who originated in the southeastern Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Fujian, but may also be found in other parts of China and in countries with significant overseas Chinese communities .< ref > Linda Lau Anusasananan, < i > The Hakka Cookbook: Chinese Soul Food from Around the World </ i > ( University of California Press, 2012 )</ ref > There are numerous restaurants in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore serving Hakka cuisine.

Some of the more notable dishes in Hakka cuisine are listed as follows:

There are approximately 30, 000 Mauritians of Chinese descent, from the Hakka and Cantonese sub-ethnic / linguistic groups.

Of the 30, 000 people of Chinese ancestry residing in Mauritius, the vast majority come from the Hakka and Cantonese provinces, both of which are well present among Malaysia's population of Chinese ancestry.

Aside from Mandarin, the other six are Wu Chinese, Hakka Chinese, Min Chinese, Xiang Chinese, Yue Chinese and Gan Chinese.

In Mandarin Chinese, it is pronounced as wàn, while various sounds are associated with the same character in various dialects of the Chinese language including the Cantonese, Hakka, and Min Nan dialects.

Early emigrants came primarily from the coastal provinces of Guangdong and Fujian ( Fukien, Hokkien ) – where Cantonese, Hakka, and Chaozhou ( Teochew, Chiu Chow ) and Hokkien are largely spoken — in southeastern China.

The name of the Hakka people who are the predominant original native speakers of the language literally means " guest families " or " guest people ": Hak 客 ( Mandarin: kè ) means " guest ", and ka 家 ( Mandarin: jiā ) means " family ".

The presence of many archaic features occur in modern Hakka, including final consonants, as are found in other modern southern Chinese languages, but which have been lost in Mandarin.

For instance, common vocabulary are found in Hakka, Min, and She ( Hmong – Mien ) languages.

The Hakka language has as many regional dialects as there are counties with Hakka speakers in the majority.

Some of these Hakka dialects are not mutually intelligible.