The Harmonites tended to view unmarried celibate life as morally superior to marriage, based on Rapp's belief that God had originally created Adam as a dual being having male and female sexual organs.

In 1814 the Harmonites sold their first settlement to Abraham Ziegler, a Mennonite, for $ 100, 000 and moved west to make a new life for themselves in the Indiana Territory.

The Harmonites were Millennialists, in that they believed Jesus Christ was coming to earth in their lifetime to help usher in a thousand-year kingdom of peace on earth.

Although the Harmonites typically wore plain clothing, made with their own materials by their own tailors, they would wear their fine garments on Sundays and on other special occasions.

The Harmonites were Millennialists, in that they believed Jesus Christ was coming to earth in their lifetime to help usher in a thousand-year kingdom of peace on earth.

George Rapp's daughter and others lived for a time at the Shaker settlement in West Union, Indiana, where the Shakers helped a number of Harmonites learn the English language.

The Harmonites did not mark their graves with headstones or grave markers, because they thought it was unnecessary to do so ; however, one exception is George Rapp's grave in Harmony, Pennsylvania, which included a stone marker.

The Harmonites named their third and last town Economy, after the spiritual notion of the Divine Economy, “ a city in which God would dwell among men ” and where perfection would be attained.

By 1819 the Harmonites had built 150 log homes, a church, a community storehouse, barns, stables, and a tavern, along with thriving shops and mills, and cleared land for farming.

They had initially selected the land near the Wabash River for its isolation and opportunity for expansion, but the Harmonites were now a great distance from the eastern markets and trade in this location wasn't to their liking.

The Harmonites ( or Harmonists ) wrote their own music and even had an orchestra.

The Harmonites ( or Harmonists ) wrote their own music and even had an orchestra.

Members were known as Harmonists, Harmonites, or Rappites.

Johann Georg Rapp ( November 1, 1757 – August 7, 1847 ), also known as George Rapp, was the founder of the religious sect called Harmonists, Harmonites, Rappites, or the Harmony Society.

As Abolitionists, the Harmonites faced disagreeable elements from slavery supporters in Kentucky, only away, which caused them much annoyance.

The Harmonites were Christian pietist Separatists who split from the Lutheran Church in the late 18th century.

The Harmonites were a prosperous agricultural and industrial people.

As Economy became more technologically developed, Harmonites began to hire others from outside the Society, especially when their numbers decreased because of the custom of celibacy and as they eventually let fewer new members join.

Although the Harmonites did seek work-oriented help from the outside, they were known as a community that supported themselves, kept their ways of living in their community, mainly exported goods, and tried to import as little as possible.

Old Economy as I knew it: Impressions of the Harmonites, their village and its surroundings, as seen almost a half-century ago.

The town of Harmony, founded by the Harmony Society in 1814 under the leadership of German immigrant George Rapp ( actually Johann Georg Rapp ), was the second of three towns built by the pietist, communal German religious group, known as Harmonists, Harmonites or Rappites.

Founded by George Rapp, it was the third and final location of the Harmonites.

Established in 1824, Old Economy-known to the Harmonites as " Ökonomie "-was founded upon German Pietism, which called for a higher level of purity within Christianity.

Soon the Harmonites were not only known for their piety, but also for their production of wool, cotton, and silk.

The Harmonites selected this location because the river curves at this point.

Phillips and Graham built numerous steamboats, including the " William Penn ," which carried the Harmonites from their second settlement in New Harmony, Indiana, to Beaver County and their third and final home at Economy.

In 1804, two groups of Harmonites purchased a tract of land in Butler County, Pennsylvania.

The individualists position has tended to lead to the view that later changes in the words of ballads are corruptions of an original text.

Enlightenment thinkers, under the influence of Newtonian science, tended to view the universe as a vast machine, created and set in motion by a creator being, that continues to operate according to natural law, without any divine intervention.

Due to his literary style and the thoroughness of his research — which seemingly included studying Roman imperial archives and heavily relying on Thucydides — and his apparent rigor — for he tended not to support any character or subject, taking an impartial point of view — he was by far the most read and admired historian during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the early Modern Era.

Stones contained the element earth, and earthy objects tended to move in a straight line toward the centre of the earth ( and the universe in the Aristotelian geocentric view ) unless otherwise prevented from doing so.

For example, according to the theory of mythopoeic thought, the ancients tended to view things as persons, not as mere objects ; thus, they described natural events as acts of personal gods, thus giving rise to myths.

In the mid-twentieth century, H. F. M. Prescott attempted to redress the tradition that Mary was intolerant and authoritarian by writing more objectively, and scholarship since then has tended to view the older, simpler, partisan assessments of Mary with greater scepticism.

As with the study of ethics, early analytic philosophy tended to avoid the study of philosophy of religion, largely dismissing ( as per the logical positivists view ) the subject as part of metaphysics and therefore meaningless.

Experts in the field were often reluctant to announce proofs, and tended to view any such announcement with skepticism.

" Further, the view of oppression of women as a " transhistorical phenomenon " allowed middle-class white women to minimize the benefits of their own race and class privilege and tended to exclude women from history.

The first generation of anonymizer Trojan horses tended to leave their tracks in the page view histories of the host computer.

" However, chroniclers tended to take a dim view of William's reign, arguably on account of his long and difficult struggles with the Church: these chroniclers were themselves generally products of the Church, and so might be expected to report him somewhat negatively.

In response and reaction to this hyperbole, modern historians and biographers have tended to take a more dispassionate view of the Tudor period.

According to McGuckin, several mid-twentieth century accounts have tended to " romanticise " Nestorius ; in opposition to this view, he asserts that Nestorius was no less dogmatic, uncompromising than Cyril and that he was fully just as prepared to use his political and canonical powers as Cyril or any of the other hierarchs of the period.

She reports that while outsiders did not necessarily regard their vocation as unworthy of respect, they still tended to view the nuns as social misfits.

The Fourth International, in line with its Trotskyist underpinnings, tended to view the Comintern as worthy of conditional support even considering its corruption, and although it regarded its own ideas as more advanced and thus superior to those of the Third International, it did not actively seek the Comintern's destruction.

While Khrushchev, the Communist Party, and the Soviet Union's supporters in the West viewed the Gulag as a deviation of Stalin, Solzhenitsyn and the opposition tended to view it as a systemic fault of Soviet political culture — an inevitable outcome of the Bolshevik political project.

and younger officers like Ardant du Picq who tended to view fighting performance as rooted in the individual's and group psychology and suggested detailed analysis of this.

While historians have thus tended to view Bonifacio's concept of the Philippine nation as restricted to the Tagalog regions of Luzon, as compared to Aguinaldo's view of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao ( comprising the modern Philippines ), Guerrero writes that Bonifacio and the Katipunan in fact already had an all-encompassing view.

But the writers in each group tended to view the other groups with bewilderment and incomprehension.

Religious criticisms tended to the conservative view that held Christian teachings should be understood as unique, rather than seeing them as perfect expressions of truths that are found everywhere.

New Labour tended to emphasise social justice, rather than the equality which was the focus of previous Labour governments, and challenged the view that social justice and economic efficiency are mutually exclusive.

This view distinguished Bordiga from other Leninists, and especially the Trotskyists, who tended ( and still tend ) to telescope the first two stages and so have money and the other exchange categories surviving into " socialism ".