Others, who see that position as internally contradictory, claim that the reader controls the whole transaction ( individualists ).

The individualists are thus divided into two distinct categories: one which claims the right to full development for all human individuality, their own and that of others ; the other which only thinks about its own individuality and has absolutely no hesitation in sacrificing the individuality of others.

Subsequent criticism has vacillated between " traditionalists " ( chansons created as part of a popular tradition ) and " individualists " ( chansons created by a unique author ), but more recent historical research has done much to fill in gaps in the literary record and complicate the question of origins.

Like the individualists he was influenced by, he rejected the notion of society being a thing that has rights, insisting that only individuals can have rights.

For some individualists, who hold a view known as methodological individualism, the word " society " cannot refer to anything more than a very large collection of individuals.

" The camaraderie amoureuse thesis ", he explained, " entails a free contract of association ( that may be annulled without notice, following prior agreement ) reached between anarchist individualists of different genders, adhering to the necessary standards of sexual hygiene, with a view toward protecting the other parties to the contract from certain risks of the amorous experience, such as rejection, rupture, exclusivism, possessiveness, unicity, coquetry, whims, indifference, flirtatiousness, disregard for others, and prostitution.

" The camaraderie amoureuse thesis entails a free contract of association ( that may be annulled without notice, following prior agreement ) reached between anarchist individualists of different genders, adhering to the necessary standards of sexual hygiene, with a view toward protecting the other parties to the contract from certain risks of the amorous experience, such as rejection, rupture, exclusivism, possessiveness, unicity, coquetry, whims, indifference, flirtatiousness, disregard for others, and prostitution.

This theme is echoed elsewhere in Heinlein's works — that real liberty is to be found among the pioneer societies out along the advancing frontier, but the regimentation and legalism that follow bring restraints that chafe true individualists ( an idea emphasized in the first and final page of the novel, and in the later book The Cat Who Walks Through Walls ).

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

Voltairine de Cleyre, summed up the philosophy by saying that the anarchist individualists " are firm in the idea that the system of employer and employed, buying and selling, banking, and all the other essential institutions of Commercialism, centred upon private property, are in themselves good, and are rendered vicious merely by the interference of the State.

For influential Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta " All anarchists, whatever tendency they belong to, are individualists in some way or other.

For these reasons, methodological individualists tend to disagree with claims such as " we deserve the government we have, because we are doing it to ourselves ," since perhaps that individual and very possibly many others disagree with the actions of the individuals who hold government power.

That said, many individualists are willing to use " we " in reference to government or society as a convenient shorthand as long as the fact that these entities are composed of individuals is kept in mind.

While Rousseau's social contract is based on popular sovereignty and not on individual sovereignty, there are other theories espoused by individualists, libertarians and anarchists, which do not involve agreeing to anything more than negative rights and creates only a limited state, if any.

Politics in late Victorian Britain moved in directions that Spencer disliked, and his arguments provided so much ammunition for conservatives and individualists in Europe and America that they still are in use in the 21st century.

When fervent individualists feel that they cannot exercise their independence, they experience a crisis and assume that larger forces are to blame for usurping this freedom.

Research on the development of social value orientations suggest an influence of factors like family history ( prosocials have more sibling sisters ), age ( older people are more prosocial ), culture ( more individualists in Western cultures ), gender ( more women are prosocial ), even university course ( economics students are less prosocial ).

The Martian farmboys are tough, rugged individualists like the fictional cowboys.

Collectivist anarchist Michael Bakunin was an adamant critic of Proudhonian mutualism as well, stating, " How ridiculous are the ideas of the individualists of the Jean Jacques Rousseau school and of the Proudhonian mutualists who conceive society as the result of the free contract of individuals absolutely independent of one another and entering into mutual relations only because of the convention drawn up among men.

" Some contemporary individualists are not anarcho-capitalists.

Nonetheless, anarcho-capitalist Wendy McElroy considers herself to be an individualist, while admitting that the original individualists were universally anticapitalist.

As different physically as the tall, angular Jefferson was from the chubby, rotund Adams, the seven were striking individualists.

This could be mitigated by following individuals outside their group: autonomists or individualists.

Nevertheless, he was influential among some of the American individualists ; in the 1840s and 1850s, Charles A. Dana, and William B. Greene introduced Proudhon's works to the United States.

After Dejacque and others split from Proudhon due to the latter's support of individual property and an exchange economy, the relationship between the individualists, who continued in relative alignment with the philosophy of Proudhon, and the anarcho-communists was characterised by various degrees of antagonism and harmony.

For example, individualists like Tucker on the one hand translated and reprinted the works of collectivists like Mikhail Bakunin, while on the other hand rejected the economic aspects of collectivism and communism as incompatible with anarchist ideals.

This split the American individualists into fierce debate, " with the natural rights proponents accusing the egoists of destroying libertarianism itself.

" By default, American individualists had no difficulty accepting the concepts that " one man employ another " or that " he direct him ," in his labor but rather demanded that " all natural opportunities requisite to the production of wealth be accessible to all on equal terms and that monopolies arising from special privileges created by law be abolished.

Even among the 19th century American individualists, there was not a monolithic doctrine, as they disagreed amongst each other on various issues including intellectual property rights and possession versus property in land.

Italian anti-organizationalist individualist anarchism was brought to the United States by Italian born individualists such as Giuseppe Ciancabilla and others who advocated for violent propaganda by the deed there.

Dyer Lum, Ezra & Angela Haywood represent this school of thought ; Jo Labadie, who wrote for Tucker ’ s Liberty, made himself a link between the American “ plumb-line ” anarchists, the “ philosophical ” individualists, & the syndicalist or communist branch of the movement ; his influence reached the Mackay Society through his son, Laurance.

Some Russian individualists anarchists " found the ultimate expression of their social alienation in violence and crime, others attached themselves to avant-garde literary and artistic circles, but the majority remained " philosophical " anarchists who conducted animated parlor discussions and elaborated their individualist theories in ponderous journals and books.

Argentine anarchist historian Angel Cappelletti reports that in Argentina " Among the workers that came from Europe in the 2 first decades of the century, there was curiously some stirnerian individualists influenced by the philosophy of Nietzsche, that saw syndicalism as a potential enemy of anarchist ideology.

The Tsar of all the Russias belongs to the latter category of individualists.

One nationism would both improve the conditions of the poor and portray the Whig Party as selfish individualists.

An example of the changes which have crept over the Southern region may be seen in the Southern Negro's quest for a position in the white-dominated society, a problem that has been reflected in regional fiction especially since 1865.

Research into several cultures has proven her position to be a mistaken one.

Largely due to their efforts the catastrophic invasion-theory has maintained its position although Seebohm has always found supporters.

Everyone is more or less sceptical and virtually no one has been willing to accept Lappenberg or Kemble's position on that point.

At the scene he has just as clearly shown his military strength in unprovocative but ready position.

But since last fall the United States has been moving toward a pro-neutralist position and now is ready to back the British plan for a cease-fire patrolled by outside observers and followed by a conference of interested powers.

The White House itself has taken steps to remove a former Batista official, Col. Mariano Faget, from his preposterous position as interrogator of Cuban refugees for the Immigration Service.

It is the classroom teacher, however, who has daily contacts with pupils, and who is in a unique position to put sound psychological principles into practice.

it is only after he has involved her emotions in his scheme that he uses her given name, placing himself by implication in the position of a solicitous father.

The effect is that the platform returns from an off-level position at a rapid rate until it is nearly level, at which point the platform is controlled by a proportional servo with low enough frequency response so that the noise has little effect on the leveling process.

Abnormal pressure, applied over a period of time, produces a change in the bony deposit, so a tooth functions normally in the new position into which it has been guided.

`` All too frequently '', points out James O'Gara, managing editor of Commonweal, `` Catholics run roughshod over Protestant sensibilities in this matter, by failure to consider the reasoning behind the Protestant position and, particularly, by their jibes at the fact that Protestant opinion on birth control has changed in recent decades ''.

The other charge was that America's political position in the world has progressively deteriorated in recent years.

The result is that the State Department's perpetual position before Congress is the resigned pose of the whipping boy who expects to be kicked whenever the master has had a dyspeptic outing with his wife.

A dour, gangling man with a choppy gait, Colmer looks younger than his 70 years, has gradually swung from a moderate, internationalist position to that of a diehard conservative.

On the positive side, recent Federal action has largely undermined the legal sanction so long enjoyed by the segregationist position ; ;

To his Harvard colleague, Josiah Royce, whose philosophic position differed radically from his own, James could write, `` Different as our minds are, yours has nourished mine, as no other social influence ever has, and in converse with you I have always felt that my life was being lived importantly ''.

The leader is only a spokesperson for the group when it has to deal with other groups (" international relations ") but has no inside authority, and may be violently removed if he attempts to abuse this position.

The systematic position of the order Agnostida within the class Trilobita remains uncertain, and there has been continuing debate whether they are trilobites or a stem group.

The ravages of the plague in Oran vividly convey the absurdist position that humans live in an indifferent, incomprehensible universe that has no rational meaning or order, and no transcendent God.

Astrometry has also been used to support claims of extrasolar planet detection by measuring the displacement the proposed planets cause in their parent star's apparent position on the sky, due to their mutual orbit around the center of mass of the system.

* The farmer has a solid, stable position in the world order.