When I returned to make my report, the Hetman did not remember having sent me on the secret mission.

Sahaidachny returned to Zaporizhia, and did not only become a Kosh Otaman, but was also the Hetman of Ukraine for 8 years.

After their brief stay in Moscow they were received by the Great Lithuanian Hetman Hrehory Chodkiewicz at his estate in Zabłudów ( northern Podlaskie ), where they published Yevangeliye uchitel ’ noye ( Didactic Gospel, 1569 ) ( see Zabłudów Gospel ) and Psaltir ’ ( Psalter, 1570 ).

Five years later in 1672, Podolia was occupied by the Turkish Ottoman empire, while Kiev and Braclav came under the control of Hetman Petro Doroshenko until 1681, when they were also captured by Turks.

In 1644 together with Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski he took part in the victorious battle of Ochmatów, in which they dealt a terrible defeat to the Crimean Tatars of Toğay bey ( Tuhaj Bej ).

Either because they underestimated the size of the uprising, or because they wanted to act quickly to prevent it from spreading, the Commonwealth's Grand Crown Hetman Mikołaj Potocki and Field Crown Hetman Marcin Kalinowski sent 3, 000 soldiers under the command of Potocki's son, Stefan, towards Khmelnytsky without waiting to gather additional forces from Prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki.

On the Swedish side were Holstein-Gottorp, several Polish and Lithuanian magnates under Stanisław Leszczyński ( 1704 – 10 ) and cossacks under the Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa ( 1708 – 10 ).

The sessions of the Society were also attended by many famous persons of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth like Great Lithuanian Hetman Michał Kazimierz " Rybeńko " Radziwiłł, August Fryderyk Moszyński, Joachim Chreptowicz.

Chodkiewicz's first claim to fame were his victories in 1600 during the Moldavian Magnate Wars, where he defeated Turks and their allies, serving under the command of the Polish Chancellor and Hetman Jan Zamoyski.

Estonia was recovered by the Swedes in 1600, but their determined efforts of 1601 – 1609 to gain a foothold in Livonia were frustrated by the military ability of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz.

He attempted to aid forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, which were fighting Sweden in 1629 ; however, Wallenstein failed to engage any major Swedish forces and this significantly affected the outcome of the conflict.

At the same time, guerilla war also began in Mazovia and Greater Poland, and Lithuanian units under Grand Hetman of Lithuania Paweł Jan Sapieha were moving towards Red Ruthenia.

Commonwealth forces numbering about 6, 500 – 6, 800 men ( of which about 5, 500, or about 80 percent were the famous " winged " hussars ) under Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski faced a numerically superior force of about 30, 000 Russians under Princes Dmitry Shuisky, Andrey Galitzine and Danilo Mezetsky, as well as about 5, 000 mercenary units temporarily allied to Russia, under the command of Jacob De la Gardie, composed of Flemish, French, German, Spanish, English and Scottish soldiers.

* Battle of Klushino ( 4 July 1610 ) – Polish forces numbering about 4, 000 men ( of which about 80 percent were the famous ' winged ' hussars under Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski defeated a numerically superior force of about 35, 000 – 40, 000 Russians under Dmitry Shuisky, Andrew Golitsyn and Danilo Mezetski.

The stronghold and the neighbouring town were built in 1692, by Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Grand Hetman of the Crown.

The city experienced occupation of German and Austrian-Hungarian armies that were allies of Ukrainian Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi and helped him to keep authority in the country.

Beside them there were osauls under special assignments one of them serving for General Obozny ( quartermaster ) who performed duties of a chief executive and was the second in importance after Hetman.

He was also promised the position of a Grand Crown Hetman by August II, receiving in 1728 the rank of a Crown regimentarz, and in the period when no Crown hetmans were appointed, he acted as de facto commander of the Crown army.

The first widely recognized hetman of Zaporizhia was Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, however later several Polish starostas were added to the Hetman registry such as Lyantskoronsky and Dashkevych who also led their own cossack formations.

In the Battle of Prostki on October 8, 1656, Bogusław's forces were decimated by the Commonwealth forces under Hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski.

Some 8, 000 Lithuanians were killed, and many more were taken prisoner, including Prince Ostrozhsky, the first ever Grand Hetman of Lithuania, himself.

In May the Senate agreed to increase the size of the army, but Grand Lithuanian Hetman Lew Sapieha objected, arguing that the current forces were enough and that war was not likely.

In 1708, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were caught in the midst of the Great Northern War, in which Hetman Mazepa supported Sweden and its war with the Russian Empire and for Ukraine ’ s independence.

The registered cossacks were created on the King's edict of Sigismund II Augustus on June 5, 1572 confirming the orders of the Crown Hetman Jerzy Jazłowiecki.

Although the institution of forced labor by the peasants was reduced significantly by the Khmelnytsky Uprising, in which the Polish landlords and magnates were expelled from the territory controlled by the Hetman, those nobles loyal to the Hetman as well as the Orthodox Church expected the peasants under their control to continue to provide their services.

Initially elected by that regimental district's Cossacks, by the 18th century the colonels were appointed by the Hetman.

The forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland placed under the command of Hetman Konstanty Ostrogski included 16, 000 of Lithuania cavalry, 14, 000 of Polish cavalry ( light and heavy ), 3, 000 of Polish mercenary infantry, and 2, 500 volunteers, mostly from Bohemia.

It was said that the Hetman plotted to take over the entire Hearst newspaper empire one day by means of various coups: the destruction of editors who tried to halt his course, the unfrocking of publishers whose mistakes of judgment might be magnified in secret reports to Mr. Hearst.

The staff saw in him the qualities of a Don Cossack, hence, as mentioned before, his nickname `` the Hetman ''.

About the only time the Hetman seemed excited was when one of his own pet ideas was born.

The Hetman had a strong liking for a story, any story which was to be had by means of much sleuthing or by roundabout methods.

We fashioned beards, put them on, and reported to the Hetman at the city desk.

`` We are ready for your next mysterious assignment '', said Mr. Baer to the Hetman.

The Hetman told me to take the story over the phone and to write it.

In the conduct of these and many other campaigns, the Hetman proved to be a much abler journalist than his critics allowed.

I remember one day when Mr. Hearst ( and I never knew why he liked me, either ) sent the Hetman a telegram: `` Please find some more reporters like that young man from Denver ''.

During the 1573 Polish election, Albert Frederick attempted to gain acceptance to the Polish senate but was opposed by the powerful Jan Zamoyski ( later Grand Hetman of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ) who feared the influence of Protestants in the Polish legislative body.

The Battle of Berestechko (; ) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army under King John II Casimir.

The Bendery Constitution by Hetman Pylyp Orlyk.

The highest post – the Hetman – was elected by the representatives from the country's districts.

Wiśniowiecki was rewarded: the king made him the Grand Hetman ( commander-in-chief ) of Lithuania.

* August 6 – Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ukrainian Cossack Hetman ( b. c. 1595 )

* March 20 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine ( d. 1709 )

* October 2 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine ( b. 1639 )

* August 10 – Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania ( b. 1460 )

* April 15 – Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman ( szlachcic ) and the first Great Hetman of the Crown ( b. 1460 )

** Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania ( d. 1530 )

In Polish it is known as the Hetman – the name of a major historical military-political office.

In the second half of the eighteenth century the ownership of the city was inherited by Field Crown Hetman Jan Klemens Branicki.