They are descended from the Hindu-Arabic numeral system developed by Indian mathematicians, in which a sequence of digits such as " 975 " is read as a numeral.

The decimal Hindu-Arabic numeral system was invented in India around 500 CE.

The digits 1 to 9 in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system evolved from the Brahmi numerals.

Various symbol sets are used to represent numbers in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, all of which evolved from the Brahmi numerals.

Decimal notation often refers to a base-10 positional notation such as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system ; however, it can also be used more generally to refer to non-positional systems such as Roman or Chinese numerals which are also based on powers of ten.

There were at least two presumably independent sources of positional decimal systems in ancient civilization: the Chinese counting rod system and the Hindu-Arabic numeral system ( the latter descended from Brahmi numerals ).

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today, likely evolved over the course of the first millennium AD in India and was transmitted to the west via Islamic mathematics.

The Indian numeral system is commonly referred to in the West as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system or just Arabic numerals, since it reached Europe through the Arabs.

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which developed in close association with atomism in India, carried implicitly a new mode of mathematical atomic thinking.

* 1003 – Pope Sylvester II, born Gerbert d ' Aurillac, dies ; however, his teaching continued to influence those of the 11th century ; his works included a book on arithmetic, a study of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, a hydraulic-powered organ, the reintroduction of the abacus to Europe, and a possible treatise on the astrolabe that was edited by Hermann of Reichenau five decades later.

The terms algorism and algorithm are derived from the name of al-Khwarizmi, who was also responsible for introducing the Arabic numerals and Hindu-Arabic numeral system beyond the Indian subcontinent.

However, the present Muslim and South Asian worlds traditionally were quite close in culture and trade despite differences in religions since time immemorial, as evidenced by the development of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

Thai has its own set of Thai numerals which are based on the Hindu Arabic numeral system (, tua lek thai ), but the standard western Hindu-Arabic numerals (, tua lek hindu arabik ) are also commonly used.

Although people in many parts of the world share common alphabets and numeral systems ( variations on the Latin Writing System are used throughout Europe, the Americas, Australia, and much of Africa ; the Hindu-Arabic numerals are nearly universal ), styles of calligraphy vary.

Thai numerals (, IPA: ) constitute a numeral system of Thai number names for the Khmer numerals traditionally used in Thailand, also used for the more common Arabic numerals, and which follow the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

* Crore, 10, 000, 000 in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system

Glyphs used to represent digits of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

The digits of the Maya numeral system, with Hindu-Arabic equivalents

Counting rods themselves predate Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

By the High Middle Ages, the positional Hindu-Arabic numeral system had reached Europe, which allowed for systematic computation of numbers.

However, when people who use Hindu-Arabic numerals speak of decimal notation, they often mean not just decimal numeration, as above, but also decimal fractions, all conveyed as part of a positional system.

In Israel today, the decimal system of Hindu-Arabic numerals ( ex.

The most commonly used system of numerals is known as Arabic numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals.

* Hindu-Arabic Numeral System, The most commonly used and recognised numeric system in existence: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

In this work, Fibonacci introduced to Europe the Hindu-Arabic numerals, a major element of our decimal system, which he had learned by studying with Arabs while living in North Africa with his father, Guglielmo Bonaccio, who wished for him to become a merchant.

* 825-Al-Khawarizmi described the algorism, algorithms for using the Hindu-Arabic numerals, in his treatise On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals, which was translated into Latin as Algoritmi de numero Indorum, where " Algoritmi ", the translator's rendition of the author's name gave rise to the word algorithm ( Latin algorithmus ) with a meaning " calculation method "

* The year 6009 will be the first year since 1961 in which its rendering using the Hindu-Arabic numeral system will create a numeral which can be inverted, rendering the same numeral ; this works in many sans-serif fonts, much handwriting, and in the standard Seven-segment display of electronic devices.

He was an expert on Al-Biruni and wrote a translation of Kitab al Hind which describes among other things Hindu-Arabic numerals.

Joseph of Spain, possibly a Radhanite, is credited by some sources with introducing the so-called Hindu-Arabic numerals from India to Europe.

( While the use of Hindu-Arabic numerals is occasionally seen, such as in the game Pop-O-Matic Trouble, the ambigrammatic properties of the digits ( for instance, 6 can look like a 9 upside down ) make such dice uncommon.

For example, it is easier to divide numbers represented in Hindu-Arabic numerals than numbers represented as Roman numerals.

The exact age of the Maya numerals is unclear, but it is possible that it is older than the Hindu-Arabic system.

The use of these digits is less common in Thailand than it once was, but they are still used alongside Hindu-Arabic numerals.

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system is an example for a positional notation, based on the number 10.

Here is an example of a newspaper headline ( from the Asahi Shimbun on 19 April 2004 ) that uses all four scripts: (< span style =" color: red "> kanji ( red )</ span >, < span style =" color: blue "> hiragana ( blue )</ span >, < span style =" color: green "> katakana ( green )</ span >, and Latin Alphabet and Hindu-Arabic numerals ( black )):

It is a character encoding of Arabic letters to the English alphabet and Hindu-Arabic numerals.

Though the signs now seem as familiar as the alphabet or the Hindu-Arabic numerals, they are not of great antiquity.

Examples are Roman numerals, Brahmi numerals, and Chinese numerals, as well as the Hindu-Arabic numerals used by speakers of many European languages.

The Hindu-Arabic numerals are generally used for numbers, but traditional Sino-Japanese numerals are also common.

Although the original Hindu-Arabic system was very similar to the modern one, even down to the glyphs used to represent digits, the direction of places was reversed, so that place values increased to the right rather than to the left.

By the 13th century, Hindu-Arabic numerals were accepted in European mathematical circles ( Fibonacci used them in his Liber Abaci ).

( Hindu-Arabic numerals were also used.

Until Peter the Great the system also used Cyrillic numerals, and only in the 18th century Peter the Great replaced it with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.