The Chinese, Hebrew, Hindu, and Julian calendars are widely used for religious and / or social purposes.

Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of Hindu society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting until today.

A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India.

Daena has been used to mean religion, faith, law, even worship as a translation for the Hindu and Buddhist term Dharma, often interpreted as " duty " or social order, right conduct, or virtue.

This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture.

Anger among some social groups, however, was seething under the governor-generalship of James Dalhousie ( 1847 – 1856 ), who annexed the Punjab ( 1849 ) after victory in the Second Sikh War, annexed seven princely states on the basis of lapse, annexed the key state of Oudh on the basis of misgovernment, and upset cultural sensibilities by banning Hindu practices such as Sati.

Under Nehru, the Indian Parliament enacted many changes to Hindu law to criminalize caste discrimination and increase the legal rights and social freedoms of women.

In contemporary Hindu society, many social scientists have expressed a fear of critical compulsion of polyandry in the near future, due to the rise such marriages in the agrarian societies in Malwa region of Punjab to avoid division of farming land.

In her book, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia, she writes that " As for Hinduism, the hierarchical principles of the Brahmanical social order have always been contested from within Hindu society, suggesting that equality has been and continues to be both valued and practiced.

* May 22 – Ram Mohan Roy, Hindu religious and social reformer ( d. 1833 )

Ram Mohun Roy, Ram Mohun also spelled Rammohun, Rammohan, or Ram Mohan (; 14 August 1774 – 27 September 1833 ), was an Indian religious, social, and educational reformer who challenged traditional Hindu culture and indicated the lines of progress for Indian society under British rule.

During imprisonment, the two would discuss national and social issues, read Hindu epics and crack jokes.

The acceptance that Hindu social structure " is ridden with castes and communities ", and that this has led to " barriers and segregation " and condemnation of " obnoxious vice of social inequality " and " untouchability ".

) in princely styles, notably in Darbar Sri, Desai Shri, and Thakur Sri or as in Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, a Hindu spiritual Guru and leader or Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, the founder of the social and spiritual movement Ananda Marga ( the Path of Bliss ).

The Bharatiya Janata Party advocates Hindu nationalism and social conservatism, self-reliance, social justice, foreign policy driven by a nationalist agenda, a strong national defense and a more economically liberal fiscal policy to that of the democratic socialist Indian National Congress, although the party manifesto strongly supports the welfare state and some aspects of Green politics.

* Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, also known as the Gaura ( Golden One ), a 15th-century Hindu monk and social reformer

Western-educated Hindu elites sought to rid Hinduism of controversial social practices, including the varna caste system, child marriage, and sati.

It features stage performances by the east Indian cultural practitioners, a folk theatre featuring skits and plays, an exhibition on some aspect of Hinduism, displays by various Hindu religious sects and social organizations, nightly worship of Lakshmi, lighting of deeyas, performances by various schools related to Indian culture, and a food court with Indian and non-Indian vegetarian delicacies.

He felt that the traditional Hindu sannyas had turned into a mere system of social renunciation and imitation.

Flanagan has done work in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of social science, ethics, contemporary ethical theory, moral psychology, as well as Buddhist and Hindu conceptions of the self.

Born into a poor Mahar ( considered an Untouchable caste ) family, Ambedkar campaigned against social discrimination, the system of Chaturvarna – the categorization of Hindu society into four varnas – and the Hindu caste system.

The first ruler of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, King Ramathibodi I ( ruled 1351 to 1369 ), made two important contributions to Thai history: the establishment and promotion of Theravada Buddhism as the official religion – to differentiate his kingdom from the neighbouring Hindu kingdom of Angkor – and the compilation of the Dharmashastra, a legal code based on Hindu sources and traditional Thai custom.

Since he was a member of the influential Brahman caste ( the highest-ranking caste ), it is reasonable to assume that he supported caste distinctions, and the Guptas may have been responsible for the emergence of Brahmanism as a theological system as well as a code of social behaviour, which was carried into present Hindu society.

A major issue raised by the Hindu nationalist movement is the implementation of a uniform civil code of India and its opposition to separate legal codes for religious communities, such as the Shariat bill, and the Indian government's subsidy of the travel of Indian Muslims to Saudi Arabia to visit Mecca ( Hajj subsidy ).

Accepting a writership in the service of the East India Company, Halhed went out to India, and here, at the suggestion of Warren Hastings, by whose orders it had been compiled, translated the Hindu legal code from a Persian version of the original Sanskrit.

Under Hindu caste code, as well as English Common Law, it is unlikely that Fort St. George was built upon the village of Madraspatnam and its inhabitants incorporated into the new town.

This is a major grouse for Hindu politicians who insist that there should be a uniform civil code for all citizens.

Under the pseudonyms " Native Thinker " and " Native Observer ", Madhava Rao wrote opinion pieces on the German occupation of Africa and on the dress code to adopted by Hindu women in public.

When he was twelve he took to reading St. Augustine and Aquinas, then Lao-tse, Confucius, Mencius, Suzuki, Hindu tomes by endless Krishnaists and numerous socio-archaeological papers.

In 825 Al-Khwārizmī wrote a treatise in Arabic, On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals, which was translated into Latin from Arabic in the 12th century as Algoritmi de numero Indorum.

In 1553, the state was captured by the Hindu Emperor Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly known as Hemu, who was killed in 1556 in the Second Battle of Panipat.

The whole territory, from the junction of the Kokcha river with the Amu Darya on the north-east to the province of Herat on the south-west, was some in length, with an average width from the Russian frontier to the Hindu Kush of 114 miles ( 183 km ).

Al-Idirisi ( 1100-1165 / 1166 ) testifies that until as late as the 12th century, a contract of investiture for every Hindu Shahi king was performed at Kabul and that here he was obliged to agree to certain ancient conditions which completed the contract.

The region was ruled by Hindu and Buddhist dynasty called the Kabul Shahis since the 5th century.

The Third Battle of Panipat ( January 1761 ), fought between largely Muslim and largely Hindu armies was waged along a twelve-kilometer front.

Thus, in the Hindu schools, if a claim was made that could not be substantiated by appeal to the textual canon, it would be considered as ridiculous as a claim that the sky was green and, conversely, a claim which could not be substantiated via conventional means might still be justified through textual reference, differentiating this from the epistemology of modern science.

When India became part of the British Empire, there was a break in tradition, and Hindu and Islamic law were supplanted by the common law.

Constructed under the direction of the Khmer people | Khmer king Suryavarman II, it was to serve as the monarch's personal mausoleum and as a temple to the Hindu god Vishnu.

Based on Dravidian architecture, it was designed as a pyramid representing the structure of the universe: the highest level at the center of the temple represented Mount Meru, the home of the Hindu gods, with the five towers on the highest level representing the five peaks of the mountain.

The central sanctuary of an Angkorian temple was home to the temple's primary deity, the one to whom the site was dedicated: typically Shiva or Vishnu in the case of a Hindu temple, Buddha or a bodhisattva in the case of a Buddhist temple.

David Gordon White traces the modern popularity of the " Hindu " seven chakra system to Arthur Avalon's The Serpent Power, which was Avalon's translation of a late work, the Satcakranirupana.

This house was the assembly place for the dead before they began the journey to the Otherworld. He is similar in some regards to the Hindu deity Yama.

Typically, in the later Vedic age, a Hindu king ( Maharajah ) was only called Samrāṭ after performing the Vedic Rājasūya sacrifice, enabling him by religious tradition to claim superiority over the other kings and princes.

In 1947, the region of Bengal under the British Empire was partitioned into East and West Bengal which separated the Muslim majority eastern areas from the Hindu majority western areas.

The Bengal was divided into two provinces on July 3, 1946 in preparation for the Partition of India, the Hindu majority of West Bengal and the Muslim majority of the East Bengal.

Unlike in West, not all of the Hindu population migrated to India, instead a large number of Hindu population was in fact presented in the state.

The term " sacred feminine " was first coined in the 1970s, in New Age popularizations of the Hindu Shakti.