It was then that he began to study the principles of law and administration under Konstantin Pobedonostsev, then a professor of civil law at Moscow State University and later ( from 1880 ) chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in Russia.

Furthermore, the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church similarly became independent of the Ethiopian Tewahedo Church in 1994, when four bishops were consecrated by Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria to form the basis of a local Holy Synod of the Eritrean Church.

Upon their selection, both Patriarchs ( Ethiopian & Eritrean ) must receive the approval and communion from the Holy Synod of the Apostolic See of Alexandria before their enthronement.

For the list of the members of the Holy Synod and their official titles see main article The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria

* The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church

Each self-governing ( or autocephalous ) body, often but not always encompassing a nation, is shepherded by a Holy Synod whose duty, among other things, is to preserve and teach the apostolic and patristic traditions and related church practices.

With the exception of the Orthodox Church of Greece ( Holy Synod in Resistance ), they will commune the faithful from all the canonical jurisdictions and are recognized by and in communion with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

Due in part to the re-establishment of official ties between the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and the Moscow Patriarchate, the Orthodox Church of Greece ( Holy Synod in Resistance ) has broken ecclesial communion with ROCOR, but the converse has not happened.

* Orthodox Church of Greece ( Holy Synod in Resistance )

Peter abolished the patriarchate and replaced it with a collective body, the Holy Synod, led by a lay government official.

The tsar's most influential adviser was Konstantin Pobedonostsev, tutor to Alexander III and his son Nicholas, and procurator of the Holy Synod from 1880 to 1895.

Bishop Raphael was glorified by the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in America ( OCA ) in its March 2000 session.

The Synod of Bishops is suspended when the Holy See is vacant.

In the periods between the Councils the highest administrative powers are exercised by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, which includes seven permanent members and is chaired by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Primate of the Moscow Patriarchate.

From March 1974 until his enthronement as Ecumenical Patriarch, he was a member of the Holy Synod as well as of many Synodical Committees.

* Holy Synod

At the Synod of Hippo ( 393 ), and again at the Synod of 397 at Carthage, a list of the books of Holy Scripture was drawn up, which survives to the current day as the Catholic canon ( including some books considered apocrypha by Protestants ).

The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod operates two Lutheran schools in the city, Bethany Lutheran School ( Grades PK-5 ) and Holy Cross Lutheran School ( PK-8 ).

The present Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan is Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II, who was enthroned on 1 November 2010, at Parumala Church by the Holy Synod.

The metropolitan is elected, when necessary, by the Holy Synod at an All-American Council ( a general council of OCA clergy and laity ).

* Coptic Unction on Holy Saturday ( Photo )

Coptic Icon in the Coptic Altar of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

From that point onward, Alexandria would have two patriarchs: the non-Chalcedonian native Egyptian one, now known as the Coptic Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of St. Mark and the " Melkite " or Imperial Patriarch, now known as the Greek Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa.

The most recent Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy See of Saint Mark was Pope Shenouda III, who died on March 17, 2012, for whom a successor has not yet been chosen.

Pope Shenouda III, the 117th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria | Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist ( 1971 – 2012 ).

* The leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, is known as Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy See of St. Mark the Apostle.

Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria | Pope Cyril VI, the 116th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria | Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist ( 1959 – 1971 ).

File: CopticAltar. jpg | The Coptic Altar of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

File: HS IMG 0551. JPG | The Coptic Altar of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem

Since the papacy of Heraclas in the 3rd century, the Bishop of the Alexandria in both the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria continue to be called " Pope ", the former being called " Coptic Pope " or, more properly, " Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle " and the last called " Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa ".

* The Great Lent & The Holy Paskha — Coptic articles and hymns at http :// St-Takla. org

* His Holiness ( abbreviation HH ), oral address Your Holiness, or Holy Father or Our Most Holy Lord (" Sanctissimus Dominus Noster ") — the Roman Catholic Pope, and the Coptic Orthodox Pope.

His official title was Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic Seat of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.

He was also the head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria.

This issue caused an ongoing dispute in the Coptic Orthodox Church since 1928, and although the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church considered in the 1960s the General Bishops to be secretaries to the Pope in the degree of a Bishop, Pope Shenouda III was sometimes considered to be the fourth Bishop to become a Pope after Popes John XIX ( 1928 – 1942 ), Macarius III ( 1942 – 1944 ) and Joseph II ( 1946 – 1956 ).

The Eastern Orthodox Church dedicates several days throughout the year to the dead, mostly on Saturdays, because of Jesus ' resting in the Holy Sepulchre on that day.

During the years 1106-1107 A. D., a Russian Orthodox Abbot named Daniel made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and recorded his experiences.

As they do not receive Holy Orders in the Catholic, Orthodox and Oriental Churches, they do not possess the ability to ordain any religious to Holy Orders, or even admit their members to the non-ordained ministries to which they can be installed by the ordained clergy ( females do not serve as clergy anyway, per formal church teaching, in these churches ), nor do they exercise the authority they do possess under canon law over any territories outside of their monastery and its territory ( though non-cloistered, non-contemplative female religious members who are based in a convent or monastery but who participate in external affairs may assist as needed by the diocesan bishop and local secular clergy and laity, in certain pastoral ministries and administrative and non-administrative functions not requiring ordained ministry or status as a male cleric in those churches or programs ).

The teaching of the Eastern Orthodox Church on the Holy Mystery ( sacrament ) of Unction is similar to that of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Eastern Orthodox Church reads from Job during Holy Week.

Some Anglicans consider their church a branch of the " One Holy Catholic Church " alongside of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, a concept rejected by the Roman Catholic Church and some Eastern Orthodox.

* Cole, F. G. Mother of All Churches A Brief and Comprehensive Handbook of the Holy Eastern Orthodox Church.

* His full title is Pope and Lord Archbishop of the Great City of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle that is, in Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and all Africa.

* The Pillar and Defender of the Holy, Catholic ( Universal ), Apostolic Church and of the Orthodox Doctrine.

Each year, the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates the anniversary of the consecration of the Church of the Resurrection ( Holy Sepulchre ) on September 13 ( for those churches which follow the traditional Julian calendar, September 13 currently falls on September 26 of the modern Gregorian calendar ).

Under the status quo, the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Apostolic Churches all have rights to the interior of the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the Divine Liturgy or Holy Mass there daily.