Rubies, emeralds, and the Hope Diamond exhibit red fluorescence under short-wave UV light ; diamonds also emit light under X ray radiation.

It was followed by " Hope ", " Diligence " and " Black Diamond ".

* 1958 – The Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston.

* 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house used to store them.

The Hope Diamond, also known as " Le bleu de France " or " Le Bijou du Roi ", is a large,, deep-blue diamond, now housed in the Smithsonian Natural History Museum in Washington, D. C.

Current photographs of the Hope Diamond utilize high-intensity light sources that tend to maximize the brilliance of gemstones.

In popular literature, many superlatives have been used to describe the Hope Diamond as a " superfine deep blue ", often comparing it to the color of a fine sapphire " blue of the most beautiful blue sapphire " ( Deulafait ), and describing its color as " a sapphire blue ".

The Hope Diamond in 1974.

Diamonds in general, including the Hope Diamond, are considered to be the hardest natural mineral on the Earth, but because of diamond's crystalline structure, there are weak planes in the bonds which permit jewelers to slice a diamond and, in so doing, to cause it to sparkle by refracting light in different ways.

The Hope Diamond was formed deep within the Earth approximately 1. 1 billion years ago.

The Hope Diamond contains trace amount of boron atoms intermixed with the carbon structure, which results in the blue color of the diamond, according to the Smithsonian.

But the first historical records suggest that a French merchant-traveler named Jean-Baptiste Tavernier obtained the stone, possibly by purchase or by theft, and he brought a large uncut stone to Paris which was the first known precursor to the Hope Diamond.

But the exact rock known as the French Blue was never seen again, since it almost certainly was recut during this decades-long period of anonymity, probably into two pieces, and the larger one became the Hope Diamond.

" It had long been believed that the Hope Diamond had been cut from the French Blue until confirmation finally happened when a three-dimensional leaden model of the latter was rediscovered in the archives of the French Natural History Museum in Paris in 2005.

Previously, the dimensions of the French Blue had been known only from two drawings made in 1749 and 1789 ; although the model slightly differs from the drawings in some details, these details are identical to features of the Hope Diamond, allowing CAD technology to digitally reconstruct the French Blue around the recut stone.

However, this smaller diamond's present whereabouts are unknown, and the recent CAD reconstruction of the French Blue fits too tightly around the Hope Diamond to allow for the existence of a sister stone of that size.

A blue diamond with the same shape, size, and color as the Hope Diamond was recorded by John Francillon in the possession of the London diamond merchant Daniel Eliason in September 1812, the earliest point when the history of the Hope Diamond can be definitively fixed, although a second less definitive report suggests that the Hope Diamond's " authentic history " can only be traced back to 1830.

While the diamond had disappeared for several decades, there were questions whether this recovered diamond in Britain was exactly the same one as had belonged to the French king, but subsequent scientific investigation in 2008 confirmed " beyond reasonable doubt " that the Hope Diamond and that owned by the French king were, in fact, the same gemstone in the sense that the Hope Diamond had been cut from the same material as the French Blue.

America's first community Christmas tree was illuminated in Madison Square Park on December 24, 1912, an event which is commemorated by the Star of Hope, installed in 1916 at the southern end of the park.

But court adjourned after he testified he introduced James White and Jeremiah Hope Pullings, two of the defendants, and also introduced Pullings to Jessy Maroy, a man mentioned in the indictment but not indicted.

It is sometimes colloquially called " antbear ", " anteater ", or the " Cape anteater " after the Cape of Good Hope.

The city's status was further diminished after Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route around the Cape of Good Hope, thereby allowing spice traders to avoid Cairo.

Fiz Stape prematurely gave birth to a baby girl, Hope, after her husband, John, struck his stalker Charlotte Hoyle with a hammer to silence her.

He became a Catholic in 1980, shortly after completing the Mass To Hope which had been commissioned by Ed Murray, editor of the national Catholic weekly Our Sunday Visitor.

* 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.

The eight ships ran into foul weather after passing the Cape of Good Hope, and were separated.

* The Road to Rio ( 1947 ) and My Favorite Brunette ( 1948 ) were owned by Bob Hope Enterprises but the latter fell into the public domain after its copyright was not renewed.

After Myrtle's body was found, Smith continued life as usualneeded, but upon hearing a mob was after him, he fled to Hope, Arkansas.

Hope for a more cooperative future between the United Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star Empire was strengthened after Shinzon's fall.

Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964 ) is an American and Academy Award winning actress and producer who rose to fame in the 1990s after roles in successful films such as Demolition Man, Speed, The Net, Hope Floats, A Time to Kill, and While You Were Sleeping.

Vasco da Gama pioneered the European Spice trade in 1498 when he reached Calicut after sailing around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of the African continent.

Hope aged amazingly fast, and, mere months after being drifted down a river by her mother, she appeared to be about 9 years old.

* September 1 – Terry Fox is forced to end his Marathon of Hope run outside of Thunder Bay, Ontario, after finding that the cancer has spread to his lungs.

* April 28 – The ship Vergulde Draeck is wrecked off Ledge Point, Western Australia after it departs the Cape of Good Hope ; rescue missions fail to find survivors.

* February 5 – The ship Ridderschap van Holland is lost at sea after it departs the Cape of Good Hope, but does not arrive at Batavia.

* February 3 – Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa, becoming the first known European to travel this far south and entering the Indian Ocean.

It is the first mineral to be named after someone, and was first described in 1789 for an occurrence in Haslach, Harzburg and Oberstein, Germany, and named for Colonel Hendrik Von Prehn ( 1733 – 1785 ), commander of the military forces of the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope from 1768 to 1780.

The breakthrough came soon after when John II's captain Bartolomeu Dias returned from rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, having explored as far as the Fish River ( Rio do Infante ) in modern-day South Africa and having verified that the unknown coast stretched away to the northeast.

Dark Horse Comics ' Sean Cooke designed the TIE predator in Star Wars: Legacy, set 130 years after the events of A New Hope, to appear both reminiscent of and more advanced than the original TIE fighter.

In this series of original novels, set about 40 years after A New Hope, Luke Skywalker, now in his late 50's, is deposed by the government from his position as Grand Master, and exiled from Coruscant.

In 1901, the financial situation had changed and after a " long legal fight ," he was free to sell the Hope Diamond by an " order of the Master in Chancery " to " pay off debts ," But May Yohe ran off with a rival named Putnam Strong, who was the son of the former New York City mayor William L. Strong.

In Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ), set three years after A New Hope, Obi-Wan Kenobi appears as a Force ghost and instructs Luke to visit the Dagobah system for further training under Jedi Master Yoda ( Frank Oz ).

While their anthem changed to " God Save the Queen " after the dissolution of the Great Britain side in 2007, it is still tradition for the team to use " Land of Hope and Glory " as their walk-out theme.