The ICJ held that the U. S. had violated international law by supporting the contras in their rebellion against the Nicaraguan government and by mining Nicaragua's harbors.

Regarding the alleged human rights violations by the contras, however, the ICJ took the view that the U. S. could only be held accountable for them if it would have been proven that the U. S. had effective control of the contra operations resulting in these alleged violations.

The ICJ held that the U. S. had violated international law by supporting the Contras in their rebellion against the Nicaraguan government and by mining Nicaragua's harbors.

In November 2006 the ICJ held an international meeting in Yogyakarta for LGBT rights and published The Yogyakarta Principles in March 2007.

In a 6-to-3 decision, the Court held that ICJ rulings were not enforceable in the United States, and Bush's actions were unconstitutional.

The LaGrand case was a legal action heard before the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) which concerned the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

In opposition to the German submissions, the United States argued that the Vienna Convention did not grant rights to individuals, only to states ; that the convention was meant to be exercised subject to the laws of each state party, which in the case of the United States meant subject to the doctrine of procedural default ; and that Germany was seeking to turn the ICJ into an international court of criminal appeal.

This was the direct result of an international conference on impunity, organised by the ICJ under the auspices of the United Nations in 1992, which adopted an appeal asking the Vienna conference to " set up an international penal tribunal … in order to finally break the cycle of impunity ".

In that case, President Bush had pressured the state of Texas to review the murder conviction of a Mexican citizen who had tortured and raped two teenage girls in 1993, arguing that a 2004 decision by the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) required law enforcement authorities to tell the accused of his right under the Vienna Convention to notify Mexican diplomats of his detention.

A notable example is the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969, which was considered by the ICJ to be law even before it had been brought into force.

There is no Crimes against Humanity Convention providing for jurisdiction for the ICJ "

The ICJ delivered its judgment on 10 October 2002, finding ( based principally on the Anglo-German agreements ) that sovereignty over Bakassi did indeed rest with Cameroon.

Under the special agreement, also known as the compromise that was signed in December 2008 by Belize and Guatemala it was agreed that if the people of both nations approved, by way of a simultaneous referendum on the same day, that the dispute would proceed to the ICJ.

* Belize / Guatemala ICJ Compromis Signed at OAS in Washington, D. C. on 8 December 2008 and Compromis and Videos and U. S. Congratulations and U. K. Congratulations and Photographs and Compromis for Christmas of 8 December 2008 and Belize Leading Counsel of 19 December 2008

The two countries formally signed a peace treaty on October 30, 1980, which put the border dispute before the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ).

The mandatory nature of such resolutions was upheld by the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) in its advisory opinion on Namibia.

Often enormously complicated matters, ICJ cases ( of which there have been less than 150 since the court was created from the Permanent Court of International Justice in 1945 ) can stretch on for years and generally involve thousands of pages of pleadings, evidence, and the world's leading specialist public international lawyers.

Decisions made through other means of arbitration may be binding or non-binding depending on the nature of the arbitration agreement, whereas decisions resulting from contentious cases argued before the ICJ are always binding on the involved states.

The Aouzou dispute was concluded for good on 3 February 1994, when the judges of the ICJ by a majority of 16 to 1 decided that the Aouzou Strip belonged to Chad.

The Arizona clemency board recommended a stay to the governor, on the basis of the pending ICJ case ; but the governor of Arizona ignored the recommendation and Walter LaGrand was executed on March 3, 1999.

Both parties however, agreed to ICJ arbitration on the island dispute.

In 2001 the two parties chose to have the ICJ decide on the matter once and for all.

* ICJ decision on Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain ( Qatar v. Bahrain )

The United Nations became involved after Morocco asked for an opinion on the legality of its demands from the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), and the UN also sent a visiting mission to examine the wishes of the population.

In 1971, acting on a request for an advisory opinion from the United Nations Security Council, the ICJ ruled that the continued presence of South Africa in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa was under an obligation to withdraw from Namibia immediately.

In reviewing the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) Bosnian Genocide Case in the judgement of Jorgic v. Germany on July 12, 2007 the European Court of Human Rights quoted from the ICJ ruling on the Bosnian Genocide Case to draw a distinction between ethnic cleansing and genocide. The term ' ethnic cleansing ' has frequently been employed to refer to the events in Bosnia and Herzegovina which are the subject of this case ... General Assembly resolution 47 / 121 referred in its Preamble to ' the abhorrent policy of ' ethnic cleansing ', which is a form of genocide ', as being carried on in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Repertory on Article 24 says: " The question whether Article 24 confers general powers on the Security Council ceased to be a subject of discussion following the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice rendered on 21 June 1971 in connection with the question of Namibia ( ICJ Reports, 1971, page 16 )".

The Repertory says: " The question whether Article 24 confers general powers on the Security Council ceased to be a subject of discussion following the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice rendered on 21 June 1971 in connection with the question of Namibia ( ICJ Reports, 1971, page 16 ).

* 24 July-Singapore and Malaysia jointly submitted to the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) a dispute concerning sovereignty over Pedra Branca ( Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge.

In the case the ICJ found that its own temporary court orders were legally binding and that the rights contained in the convention could not be denied by the application of domestic legal procedures.

The International Commission of Jurists ( ICJ ) is an international human rights non-governmental organization.

Born at the ideological frontline of a divided post-war Berlin, the ICJ was established in memory of a West German lawyer, Walter Linse, who, along with Theo Friedlander, was active in exposing human rights violations committed in the Soviet zone.

MacDermot rescued the ICJ from its association with the CIA, to the forefront of the international human rights movement.

The ICJ is active in promoting human rights and the rule of law, whether at the international level ( e. g. the UN ), regionally ( e. g. the EU and Council of Europe ), or domestically through the activities of its national sections ( e. g. JUSTICE in the UK ).

The Danish financial watchdog Danwatch has also placed Elbit on its ethical blacklist, and one of Denmark's largest pension fund administrators PKA Ltd announced it will no longer consider investing in Elbit, stating " The ICJ stated that the barrier only serves military purposes and violates Palestinian human rights.

The ICJ stated that there were historical legal ties of allegiance between " some, but only some " Sahrawi tribes and the Sultan of Morocco, as well as ties including some rights relating to the land between Mauritania and other Sahrawi tribes.

Germany then modified its complaint in the case before the ICJ, alleging furthermore that the U. S. violated international law by failing to implement the provisional measures.

The ICJ also found that its own provisional measures were legally binding.

The United States refused to participate in the proceedings after the Court rejected its argument that the ICJ lacked jurisdiction to hear the case.

On October 16, the ICJ delivered its verdict.

UNPO chose for its founding headquarters in 1991 The Hague in the Netherlands because the city aimed at becoming the International City of Peace and Justice and hosts internaitonal courts like the ICJ and ICC.

The initial request for an advisory opinion by the ICJ was presented by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) on 3 September 1993, but the ICJ did not render an opinion on this request because the WHO was ultra vires, or acting outside its legal capacity.

This asked the ICJ urgently to render its advisory opinion on the following question:

On 8 July 1996, nearly eight months after the close of the oral phase, the ICJ rendered its Opinion.

The ICJ considered the historical evidence, and in its Judgment of 17 November 1953 awarded the islands to Jersey.

Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras ' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ.

He established a systematic legal aid service for all courts, set up the Australian Law Reform Commission ( and appointed Michael Kirby to be its inaugural chairman ), the Australian Institute of Criminology and took the French Government to the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) to protest against its nuclear tests in the Pacific.

Morocco intended to vindicate its claims by demanding a verdict from the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which was issued on Oct. 16, 1975.

In its presentation to the ICJ, the Moroccan side also mentioned the levy of taxes as a further instance of the exercise of sovereignty.