Gish is a former vice-president of the Institute for Creation Research ( ICR ) and the author of numerous publications on the subject of scientific creationism.

In a 1995 review of work published by ICR researchers, Douglas J. Futuyma writes, " Neither in the creationist literature nor in the scientific literature have I found any reference to professional research by these individuals in genetics, paleontology, taxonomy, anatomy, or any of the other fields most relevant to the study of evolution.

Another creationist opponent of ICR and its doctrine is Hugh Ross, who accepts the scientific consensus of a 4. 54 billion year old Earth and is critical of ICR's cosmological models as well as their attempts to solve the starlight problem.

In public statements ICR officials say that scientific literacy will be emphasized, but science advocates critical of the ICR say the institute's true goal is to restore religious creationism to science classes in the public schools.

Pigliucci further claimed that " some of the historical claims found in the ICR museum are also stunning and show how easily ideology gets the better of accuracy.

The ICR was merged into the Canadian National Railways in 1918 and CN operated this line as part of its " Oxford Subdivision ", servicing mainly agricultural communities, as well as the salt mines at Malagash and Pugwash as well as a quarry in Wallace.

The ICR was initially built to broad gauge of to be compatible with other railways in British North America, namely its component systems, the NSR and the E & NA, as well as its western connection at Rivière-du-Loup, the GTR.

As a result of the ICR with its subsidized freight-rate agreements, as well as the National Policy of prime minister Sir John A. Macdonald, the industrial revolution struck Maritime towns quickly.

The ICR was the perfect vehicle for transporting raw ore such as iron ore and coal to steel plants in Trenton, Sydney Mines and Sydney, as well as finished and semi-finished products to other Maritime and central Canadian locations.

In 1915 the ICR, together with the federally-owned National Transcontinental Railway ( NTR ) and the Prince Edward Island Railway ( PEIR ), as well as several bankrupt or defunct shortlines in New Brunswick, were grouped under the collective banner of the Canadian Government Railways ( CGR ) for funding and administrative purposes, although each company continued to operate independently.

Following its demise in 1918, the ICR trackage and facilities formed the majority of CNR's Maritimes operations and CN ( acronym abbreviated post-1960 ) maintained Moncton as its principal regional headquarters well into the 1980s.

The former ICR main line from Sainte-Rosalie to Charny and the east end of Lévis to Rivière-du-Loup, as well as the ICR lines from Moncton to Saint John and Moncton to Halifax remain in operation under CN.

Former ICR stations in Lévis and Pictou have been designated as National Historic Sites of Canada, as well as the Joffre Roundhouse constructed by the ICR in Charny.

Rolling stock most commonly seen is the Koploper ( called Intercitymaterieel or Plan Z ) multiple unit, locomotive-hauled intercity coaches ( called Intercityrijtuigen or ICR ) as well as the IRM double decker trains, though Nederlandse Spoorwegen also acquired a number of ex-DB express coaches for locomotive-hauled services.

The work of the ICR is primarily distributed through religious settings as well as before public audiences in live debates with scientists and other supporters of biological evolution.

Master Books ' anti-evolution books are in wide distribution, promoted by most of the large creationist organizations as well as the ICR.

Noting " that the involuntary emigration of people in large numbers has become so great that it renders racial and religious problems more acute, increases international unrest, and may hinder seriously the processes of appeasement in international relations ", the Évian Conference established the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees ( ICR ) with the purpose to " approach the governments of the countries of refuge with a view to developing opportunities for permanent settlement.

The committee failed to grant re-approval by 3 – 2 vote, a move the ICR attributed to " religious intolerance " rather than criticisms of the quality of education it provided.

The original agreement expired in 1995, and California Bureau for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education ( BPPVE ) granted the ICR religious exemption from postsecondary school requirements in California.

In April 2009, the ICR sued the THECB in federal court for imposing " an unconstitutional and prejudicial burden against ICRGS's academic freedom and religious liberties " and asked for the ability to award science degrees.

Professor Massimo Pigliucci, a professor of ecology and evolution at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, has criticized ICR for professing to present the same science as that taught in secular universities while at the same time requiring students and faculty to sign a statement of faith to ICR's fundamentalist religious mission, most notably in affirming conformity in all its work to Biblical doctrine.

* Museum of Creation and Earth History – Former ICR museum ( in California )

According to Henry Morris, TRACS and ICR founder, TRACS is a " product of the ICR Graduate School " and was created " Because of the prejudice against creation-science, outspoken creationist schools such as ICRGS used to stand little or no chance of getting recognition through accreditation.

Following the recent response from the ICR to the Board, Steven Schafersman, of the Texas Citizens for Science, reported that the ICR sent out " prayer requests " and is currently arguing a creationist derived distinction of science in their application for approval.

" The old-Earth creationist organization Answers In Creation criticizes the ICR, including a critical review by Kevin R. Henke, Ph. D of the ICR's dating claims ( see: RATE ).

* Answers In Creation – Old earth creationist critical of the ICR

The arrival of the ICR in Moncton was a seminal event for the community.

One year later, the ICR line to Quebec was opened.

In 1918, the ICR and NTR were merged by the federal government into the newly formed Canadian National Railways ( CNR ) system.

The ICR shops would become CNR's major locomotive repair facility for the Maritimes and Moncton became the headquarters for CNR's Maritime division.

The Japanese government sponsored Institute of Cetacean Research ( ICR ), which conducts the research, disagrees, stating that the information obtainable from tissue and / or faeces samples is insufficient and that the sample size is necessary in order to be representative.

OCR software and ICR software technology are analytical artificial intelligence systems that consider sequences of characters rather than whole words or phrases.

Based on the analysis of sequential lines and curves, OCR and ICR make ' best guesses ' at characters using database look-up tables to closely associate or match the strings of characters that form words.

On-line character recognition is also referred to by other terms such as dynamic character recognition, real-time character recognition, and Intelligent Character Recognition or ICR.

Indeed, the Fourth International ( ICR ) reproclaimed the Fourth International at a congress attended by ICR sections in June 1993.

In 1875 the region's largest construction project in history was completed when the federal government's Intercolonial Railway ( ICR ) opened between Moncton and Campbellton.

The ICR bypassed Chatham by running through Newcastle and then on to the north and west.

In 1904, the Canada Eastern was purchased by the ICR.

They are frequently used in combination with ICR and DD-AR cars.

* Benelux 1100 Class: These are Belgian locomotives that were used for the Benelux push-pull trains in combination with ICR carriages.

** Koninklijk rijtuig ( Dutch for Royal Carriage ): a modified ICR.

* IC +: The coaches for the IC +, a short-lived experimental train with more facilities, were converted from normal coaches ICR.

The coaches were rebuilt to standard coaches ICRm during the revision of ICR.

Ham worked for the Institute for Creation Research ( ICR ), a leading young-Earth organisation.

; ICR. 42: Experimental floatplane version designed by CMASA, top speed decreased by only 8 km / h ( 5 mph ) in spite of the 124 kg ( 273 lb ) increase in weight.

And, as of today, OCR engines are primarily focused on machine printed text and ICR for hand " printed " ( written in capital letters ) text.

There is no OCR / ICR engine that supports handwriting recognition as of today.

From left to right: Hero of Russian Federation S. Zalyotin, V. Afanasiev, Sri Somnath Chatterji, President of ICR Yu. M.