These issues were the cause of a split in the IRA and ultimately, the Irish Civil War.

During the Irish Civil War ( 1922 – 23 ), most of the IRA units in Cork sided against the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

The Civil War started on 28 June 1922, and the IRA was decisively defeated in the field over the following two months, being largely pinned back to Munster.

He was a member of the anti-Treaty IRA executive which commanded rebel troops during the Irish Civil War.

The subsequent Irish Civil War saw bitter fighting between the newly established Irish Free State soldiers and IRA " Irregulars ", especially in the city ( See Irish Free State offensive ).

The anti-Treaty groups of IRA men, TDs and their supporters were still bitterly opposed the settlement, despite the election result, and this led on to the Irish Civil War.

Just prior to the outbreak of the Irish Civil War in March 1922, the Freeman's Journal printing machinery was destroyed by Anti-Treaty IRA men under Rory O ' Connor for its support of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

The IRA split over the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and this left Aiken ultimately aligned with the anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War in spite of personal efforts to prevent division and civil war.

He succeeded Liam Lynch as IRA Chief of Staff in March 1923, and issued the cease fire and dump arms orders on 24 May 1923 that effectively ended the Irish Civil War.

These powers were used after the IRA assassinated Minister Kevin O ' Higgins ( in revenge for the executions during the Civil War ) in 1927 after which several hundred IRA suspects were interned.

This greatly antagonised pro-Treaty Civil War veterans, who in response formed the quasi-fascist Blueshirts ( initially the " Army Comrades Association "), led by the former Garda Commissioner Eoin O ' Duffy to oppose the IRA.

In the aftermath of this episode, the southern government under Seán Lemass, himself an IRA veteran of the War of Independence and Civil War, tried to forge closer ties with the authorities in Northern Ireland in order to promote peaceful cooperation on the island.

The eldest of a family of eleven, Blaney's father Neal had been a commander of the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) in Donegal during the War of Independence and the Civil War.

During the subsequent Civil War MacEntee commanded the IRA unit in Marlboro Street Post Office in Dublin.

His father had been active in the Old IRA and saw action during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War.

His family were prominent republicans in the South Down area in the 1920s, taking an active part in the IRA during the War of Independence and the Civil War.

His home was burned down by the Anti-Treaty IRA during the Civil War.

This led to the Irish Civil War, fought between the new Free State forces, composed of pro-treaty IRA men and others ( including thousands of veterans of the First World War ), and the majority of the old IRA, led by Liam Lynch, who rejected the Treaty.

Violence escalated, resulting in the rise of the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) from the Catholic community, a group reminiscent of those from the War of Independence and the Civil War that occurred in the 1920s that had launched a campaign of violence to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

Following the war of independence and during the ensuing Civil War, in the early 1920s, Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) soldiers, from nearby North Kerry came to the 27th Knight Desmond FitzJohn Lloyd FitzGerald to tell him that no one whose title to land came from the English Crown could keep their land.

Immediately adjoining is Church Lane at the corner of which is a bank built on the site of an Royal Irish Constabulary barracks that was burned down by Anti-Treaty IRA forces in September 1922 during the Irish Civil War.

Also in 1927 McGilligan also took over the External Affairs portfolio following the assassination of Kevin O ' Higgins by the anti-Treaty elements of the IRA, in revenge for O ' Higgins ' support for the execution of Republican prisoners during the Irish Civil War ( 1922 – 23 ).

The " Cogadh na Saoirse " medal, awarded since 1941 by the Irish government to IRA veterans of the War of Independence, bears a ribbon with two vertical stripes in black and tan.

Thereafter, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland in the 1919 – 21 Irish War of Independence.

Following the signing in 1921 of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended the War of Independence, a split occurred within the IRA.

The Dáil belatedly accepted responsibility for IRA actions in April 1921, just three months before the end of the Irish War of Independence.

During the Irish War of Independence, IRA fighters sometimes used sods of turf soaked in paraffin oil to attack British army barracks.

As a result, the IRA launched a new strategy known as " the Long War ".

* Brendan O ' Brien, The Long War – The IRA and Sinn Féin.

In their view, the legitimate government was the IRA Army Council, which had been vested with the authority of that Republic in 1938 ( prior to the Second World War ) by the last remaining anti-Treaty deputies of the Second Dáil.

The War of Independence was fought between the army of the Irish Republic, the Irish Republican Army ( known now as the " Old IRA " to distinguish it from later organisations of that name ), and the British Army of the United Kingdom.

In all 77 republicans were executed by the Free State between November 1922 and the end of the war in May 1923, including Robert Erskine Childers, Liam Mellowes and Rory O ' Connor, far more than the 14 IRA Volunteers the British executed in the War of Independence.

The last IRA veteran of the Irish War of Independence, Dan Keating, who died in 2007, also supported Republican Sinn Féin.

On 17 June 1920, during the Irish War of Independence, the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) attacked the Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ) barracks in Cookstown.

He also demanded British withdrawal from Northern Ireland and argued in a 1976 speech in Dublin that it would be best for Britain if London would agree to let the IRA, whom he regarded as freedom-fighters, expel the entire Protestant Unionist population of Northern Ireland in the same manner that the Czechoslovak government had expelled the ethnic Germans of the Sudetenland after the Second World War.

In that month, during the height of the Irish War of Independence, twelve members of the Dublin Brigade of the IRA took part in an attack on British agents living in Dublin, whose names and addresses had been leaked to Collins by his network of spies.

More boats have been added, including the schooner " Katherine Ellen " which was impounded in 1921 for running guns to the IRA, the Kennet Canal barge " Harriett ", and ferrocement barges built in World War II.

Given the backdrop of the increasingly violent War of Independence, any candidates opposed to Sinn Féin and their supporters could expect to be shot or harassed by the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ).

In December 1919, during the Irish War of Independence, a group of twenty IRA men destroyed the printing works of the paper, angered at its criticism of the Irish Republican Army and largely pro-British and Unionist stance.

The IRA had destroyed over 400 of these by the end of June to prevent their subsequent reuse.

The New York Times reported the burning of the barracks and the subsequent looting and burning of the town and follow up operations by the local IRA.

The peace process, when discussing the history of Northern Ireland, is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday ( or Belfast ) Agreement, and subsequent political developments.

However the Sinn Féin Member of Parliament ( MP ) was unseated on petition on the basis that his Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) convictions made him ineligible, and in subsequent by-elections the seat was won by the Ulster Unionists.

Outside Belfast the IRA did not attack any IPLO units, subsequent statements absolved the IPLO units in Newry and Armagh from any involvement in the drugs trade that was alleged against those in Belfast.

At a subsequent IRA General Army Convention, Russell and his supporters secured enough support to get a controlling majority vote within the Army Council.

However, interest in the S-Plan did become a feature of subsequent IRA / Abwehr contact following the British declaration of war on Germany in 1939.