The industrial, scientific and medical ( ISM ) radio bands are radio bands ( portions of the radio spectrum ) reserved internationally for the use of radio frequency ( RF ) energy for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than communications.

In general, communications equipment operating in these bands must tolerate any interference generated by ISM equipment, and users have no regulatory protection from ISM device operation.

Cordless phones, Bluetooth devices, NFC devices, and wireless computer networks all use the ISM bands.

Because communication devices using the ISM bands must tolerate any interference from ISM equipment, unlicensed operations are typically permitted to use these bands, since unlicensed operation typically needs to be tolerant of interference from other devices anyway.

The ISM bands do have licensed operations ; however, due to the high likelihood of harmful interference, licensed use of the bands is typically low.

In the United States of America, uses of the ISM bands are governed by Part 18 of the FCC rules, while Part 15 contains the rules for unlicensed communication devices, even those that use the ISM frequencies.

The ISM bands defined by the ITU-R are:

When high RF emission levels from other sources became a potential problem ( such as with the advent of microwave ovens ), certain frequency bands were designated for Industrial, Scientific and Medical ( ISM ) use, allowing unlimited emissions.

Most recently, even the ISM bands are being used for low-power mobile digital communications.

* 1990 — Foreground " contamination " data from the COBE spacecraft provides the first all-sky map of the ISM in microwave bands.

Running a combination of various off the shelf WIFI hardware running in the license free ISM bands 2. 4 GHz / 5. 8 GHz

These ISM bands – open frequencies with a higher unlicensed power permitted for use originally by Industrial, Scientific, Medical apparatus – are now becoming some of the most crowded in the spectrum because they are open to everyone.

* Anyone may transmit, as long as they respect certain transmission power and other limits: open spectrum bands such as the unlicensed ISM bands and the unlicensed ultra-wideband band, and the somewhat more regulated amateur radio frequency allocations.

ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical ( ISM ) radio bands ; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2. 4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide.

This standard specifies operation in the unlicensed 2. 4 GHz ( worldwide ), 915 MHz ( Americas and Australia ) and 868 MHz ( Europe ) ISM bands.

Providers that had rave reviews when they started faced the prospect of seeing their networks degrade in performance, as more and more devices were deployed using the license free U-NII ( 5. 3 / 5. 4 GHz ) and ISM ( 2. 4 and 5. 8 GHz ) bands and competitors sprung up around them.

As DECT and do not operate in the ISM band, they are not subject to the nor cause interference arising in this band from its use by 802. 11b and 802. 11g Wi-Fi, and cordless phones.

The largest such formations, called giant molecular clouds, have typical densities of 100 particles per cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, diameters of, masses of up to 6 million solar masses, and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds < ref > and in the Milky Way there are an estimated 6, 000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100, 000 solar masses.

In September, 2012, NASA scientists reported that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ), subjected to interstellar medium ( ISM ) conditions, are transformed, through hydrogenation, oxygenation and hydroxylation, to more complex organics-" a step along the path toward amino acids and nucleotides, the raw materials of proteins and DNA, respectively ".

According to the ISM's website, " International volunteers who join the ISM are responsible for paying their own way and covering all their expenses in Palestine.

The ISM does not assist or engage in any kind of armed resistance, no matter what form it may take .</ br > This right to resist occupation applies not only to the Palestinian people, but to all peoples who are faced with a military occupation.

This is not really a ' strategy ' as such, but is a prerequisite for ISM being able to conduct many of the above activities as areas in which the ISM is active are often summarily designated as " closed military zones " by the IDF.

The activities of the bulldozer she was blocking are also subject to disagreement — ISM claim it was preparing to demolish the home of a Palestinian pharmacist.

Due to the enormous quantity of 802. 11 " Wi-Fi " equipment and software, coupled with the fact that spectrum licenses are not required in the ISM and U-NII bands, the industry has moved well ahead of the regulators and the standards bodies.

In September 2012, NASA scientists reported that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ), subjected to interstellar medium ( ISM ) conditions, are transformed, through hydrogenation, oxygenation and hydroxylation, to more complex organics-" a step along the path toward amino acids and nucleotides, the raw materials of proteins and DNA, respectively ".

ISM maintains an international alumni network through its official website,, where over 6, 000 alumni are registered.

Five of the Trustees come from the parent body ; five are representatives of the School's Sustaining Members -- the twenty two organizations, companies and institutions with long-term and significant involvement in ISM.

High-achieving students of ISM High School are eligible for induction into the Cum Laude Society, the National Honor Society, the Tri-M Music Honor Society, the Quill and Scroll Society for high school journalists, and the French Honor Society.

Institutions of tertiary education in the city are the University of Prešov with 12, 549 students, including 867 doctoral students, and the private International Business College ISM Slovakia in Prešov, with 455 students.

Non-managerial civil servants who complete 25 years service are eligible for the Imperial Service Medal ( ISM ) upon retirement.

The suffix ISM in Faith-ism is defined meaning adherence or following an ideology.

802. 11 technology has its origins in a 1985 ruling by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission that released the ISM band for unlicensed use.

Mira's bow-shock will eventually evolve into a planetary nebula, the form of which will be considerably affected by the motion through the interstellar medium ( ISM ).

The Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index is a seasonally adjusted index released by the Institute for Supply Management measuring business activity in the United States service economy as part of the Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business.

The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is a purchasing survey of the United States service economy, published by the Institute for Supply Management since June 1998.

Some ISM volunteers object to the use of the term human shield to describe their work because, they argue, in a Palestinian context the expression more usually refers to forced use of captive Palestinians by the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) when searching Palestinian neighborhoods.

* ISM was nominated for the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize by Svend Robinson, a former New Democratic Party Member of the Parliament of Canada.

* On 2 April 2002, Australian ISM volunteer Kate Edwards sustained severe internal injuries from rounds fired by Israeli forces during a protest in Beit Jala.

* On November 22, 2002 Caoimhe Butterly, an Irish ISM volunteer was shot and injured by IDF in Jenin minutes before UNRWA relief works project manager, Briton Iain Hook was killed nearby.

* On 5 April 2003, US ISM volunteer Brian Avery was shot in the face and permanently disfigured by machine gun fire from an IDF armoured personnel carrier while he was escorting Palestinian medical personnel in the street.

* On 11 April 2003, British ISM volunteer Thomas Hurndall was left clinically brain dead after he was shot in the head by an IDF soldier.

* On September 6, 2007, ISM activist Akram Ibrahim Abu Sba was killed by members of Islamic Jihad in northern Jenin.

Other accounts backed by the film footage claim that the bulldozer was not near a house but was removing shrubbery covering an arms smuggling tunnel — according to an article in Mother Jones magazine, hotly disputed by the ISM, Israeli authorities claimed that the crew's assignment was to sweep the area for booby traps planted by militants.

George Rishmawi of the ISM told the San Francisco Chronicle that: " When Palestinians get shot by Israeli soldiers, no one is interested anymore.