The 13th century also saw attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance, with exchange of ambassadors and ( failed ) attempts at military collaboration in the Holy Land during the later Crusades, though eventually the Mongols in the Ilkhanate, after they had destroyed the Abbasid and Ayyubid dynasties, eventually themselves converted to Islam, and signed the 1323 Treaty of Aleppo with the surviving Muslim power, the Egyptian Mamluks.

Nogai and Köchü, Khan of the White Horde and son of Orda Khan, also made peace with the Yuan Dynasty and the Ilkhanate.

Along with the dissolution of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia, Mongol rulers in China and the Chagatai Khanate were also in turmoil.

Ghazan also prohibited any misfeasence of appanage holders in the Ilkhanate, and Yuan councillor Temuder restricted Mongol nobles ' excessive powers in appanages in China and Mongolia.

The Ilkhanate also helped to pave the way for the later Safavid dynastic state, and ultimately the modern country of Iran.

The two rulers also were active against the Ilkhanate.

Ahmed Tekuder ( Mongolian: Tögöldör / Төгөлдөр, meaning “ perfect ”), also known as Sultan Ahmad ( reigned 1282 – 1284 ), was the sultan of the Persia-based Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa.

Al-Ashraf was also planning to attack Cyprus and the Mongols in Baghdad .< ref > In 1292, Gaykhatu the Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate sent a message to Al-Ashraf Khalil threatening him that if he not allow him to live in Aleppo he would conquer the whole of the Levant.

Ark-e AliShāh, also known as Ark-e Tabriz and Masjid AliShāh, is a remnant of a mosque in the center of Tabriz, Iran, built in the Ilkhanate period.

Amir Chupan, also known as Choban or Coban ( امیر چوپان سلدوز ), ( d. November 1327 ), was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire.

Bagdad Katun ( also Baghdad Khatun ) ( died November 16, 1335 ) was a Chobanid princess that gained a position of prominence in the closing years of the Ilkhanate.

Timurtash ( d. 1328 ; also Temürtas or Timür-Tash ) was a member of the Chupanid family who dominated pominated Persian politics in the final years of the Ilkhanate.

Baydu ( also spelled Baidu ( Байду )) ( died 1295 ) was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran.

It was also ruled by Ayyubid ( 1207 – 1231 ), Khwarezm Shahs ( shortly rule in 1230 ), Sultanate of Rûm ( 1231 – 1243 ) and Ilkhanate ( 1243 – 1335 ).

The Sarbadars ( from sarbadār, " head on gallows "; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century.

Suleiman Khan ( also known as Solayman Khan or Sulaiman Khan ) was a Chobanid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate during the breakdown of central authority in Persia.

Mahmud Ghazan ( 1271 – 1304 ) (,, sometimes referred to as Casanus by Westerners ) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304.

The rudiments of double-entry accounting were practiced in the Ilkhanate ; merdiban was then adopted by the Ottoman empire.

Earlier examples often had two or more stories, following the example of the Ilkhanate and Persian tombs on which the style was based ; the Malek Tomb is a good example of these.

His sons quickly took advantage of their power ; in the winter of 1322 Coban, who was suffering from gout, had to convince his son Timurtash, governor of Rum, to end a rebellion against the Ilkhanate.

Gaykhatu ( Mongolian: Gaikhalt ; Mongolian Cyrillic: Гайхалт, died 1295 ) was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran.

The fighting lasted for a while but was inconclusive ; while Chapar's brother Sarban gave up to the Ilkhanate and abandoned the Oxus region, but the region around Samarkand continued to be infested with supporters of Kaidu's family.

The Chaghadaids feared a Yuan-Ilkhanate alliance against the state ; this fear was caused by the testimony of the Yuan's emissary to the Ilkhanate, Abishqa.

The plan was to coordinate actions between the Christian military orders, the King of Cyprus, the aristocracy of Cyprus, the forces of Cilician Armenia, and a new potential ally, the Mongols of the Ilkhanate ( Persia ), to oppose the Egyptian Mamluks and retake the coastal city of Tortosa in Syria.

The four khans Temür ( Yuan ), Chapar ( House of Ogedei ), Toqta ( Golden Horde ), and Öljaitü ( Ilkhanate ).

United in their opposition to the Muslims ( mainly the Mamluks ), the Ilkhanate and the Europeans were still never able to satisfactorily combine their forces against their common enemy.

* Ahmad Tekuder ( d. 1284 ), leader of the Mongol Ilkhanate

Believing he could defeat the Ilkhanate Chobanids and capture the disputed territories of the Caucasus since the days of Berke Khan, in 1385 Tokhtamysh, with an army of 50, 000 ( or five tumens ), invaded Persia and took Tabriz.

* Arghun ( c. 1258 – 1291 ), or Argun, ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate

* Abu Sa ' id ( Ilkhanid dynasty ) ( 1316 – 1335 ), ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate state in Iran

* Abaqa Khan ( 1234-1282 ), ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate, based in Persia

Two stone bridges in good condition, said to have been constructed during the reign of Hulaku Khan ( 1217-1265 ), who made Maragheh the capital of the Ilkhanate.

********** Ghazan Khan ( 1271 – 1304 ), Khan of the Ilkhanate 1295-1304

********** Öljaitü Khan ( 1280 – 1316 ), Khan of the Ilkhanate 1304-1316

The Ilkhanate garrison was stationed near Ankara.

After the decline of the Ilkhanate from 1335 – 1353, the Mongol Empire's legacy in the region was the Uyghur Eretna Dynasty that was overthrown by Kadi Burhan al-Din in 1381.

The city was seized and pillaged by Tamerlane in 1387 and subsequently became an administrative center of the Ilkhanate.

Under the rule of his brother Berke, the Golden Horde was preoccupied with the conflict with their cousins in the Ilkhanate, led by Hulagu Khan, whom Berke Khan despised for the Battle of Baghdad and the murder of Caliph Al-Musta ' sim.

Ghazan, the Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate, sought a Franco-Mongol alliance with the Crusaders against the Egyptian Mamluks, but was never able to successfully coordinate military actionsFor generations, there had been communications between the Mongols and Europeans towards the possibility of forging a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Mamluks, but without success.

In the southwestern Ilkhanate, Hulagu was loyal to his brother Kublai, but clashes with their cousin Berke, the ruler of the Golden Horde in the northwestern part of the empire, began in 1262.

It was politically useful to advertise the Great Khan's authority in the Ilkhanate, because the Golden Horde in Russia had long made claims on nearby Georgia.

A year later his successor was killed by an Oirat governor and the Ilkhanate was divided between the Suldus, the Jalayir, Qasarid Togha Temür ( d. 1353 ) and Persian warlords.

Afterwards, it was controlled by Tzanars, Alans, Kingdom of Georgia, was a battle point between the Ilkhanate and the Golden Horde, then indirectly controlled by Safavids and Qajar state, until it was captured by Russian Empire in the Caucasian War of 1817 – 1864.

The Mongol Ilkhanate leader Hulagu Khan was not able to advance into Egypt, and the Khanate he established in Persia was only able to defeat the Mamluks once in subsequent expeditions, briefly reoccupying Syria and parts of Galilee for a few months in 1300.

The area had already been associated with the Lang ( Rlang ) family, and with the waning of Ilkhanate influence it was ruled by this family, within the Mongol-Sakya framework headed by the Mongol appointed Pönchen ( Dpon chen ) at Sakya.

The area was ruled by Arghun Khan of Ilkhanate, later by the Timurids and Mughals.

It was ruled by Seljuks of Hamadan, Atabegs of Azerbaijan, Kingdom of Georgia, Khwarezmshahs, Ilkhanate, Chupanids, Jalayirids, Karakoyunlu Turcomans, Timurid Empire and Akkoyunlu Turcomans successively before Safavid rule.

The Terek river was the site of the final defeat of the Hulagu, khan of the Ilkhanate, Army, against the army of Berke, khan of the Golden Horde, led by Nogai Khan, in the first civil war of the Mongol Empire, the Berke-Hulagu war.

The Mongols conquered South Caucasus in the 1130s and the Ilkhanate state was founded.

The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219 – 1224, and was founded by Genghis's grandson, Hulagu.