This is not to be confused with what the Arabs call the " Hindi numerals ", namely the Eastern Arabic numerals (---------) used in the Middle East, or any of the numerals currently used in Indian languages ( e. g. Devanagari: ).

Arabic numerals is the conventional name for the entire family of related systems of Arabic and Indian numerals.

By this time, the use of the glyph had already reached Persia, and was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's descriptions of Indian numerals.

* The Devanagari numerals used with Devanagari and related variants are grouped as Indian numerals.

Most people and institutions in China primarily use the Indian ( Arabic ) system for convenience, with traditional Chinese numerals used mainly in some formal or ceremonial occasions such as on printed money.

The symbols for the digits in common use around the globe today are called Arabic numerals by Europeans and Indian numerals by Arabs, the two groups ' terms both referring to the culture from which they learned the system.

* Thai has its own system of diacritics derived from Indian numerals, which denote different tones.

The Indian numeral system is commonly referred to in the West as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system or just Arabic numerals, since it reached Europe through the Arabs.

Below is a list of the Indian numerals in their modern Devanagari form, the corresponding European ( Indo-Arabic ) equivalents, their Sanskrit pronunciation, and translations in some languages.

Indian numerals )

The terms algorism and algorithm are derived from the name of al-Khwarizmi, who was also responsible for introducing the Arabic numerals and Hindu-Arabic numeral system beyond the Indian subcontinent.

Its regular usage and classification can be attributed to the Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, when Latin translation of his work on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world.

Along with the growing popularity of vernacular writing in books in this period was the acceptance of punctuation, modeled after that used in Western languages ( traditional Chinese literature was almost entirely unpunctuated ), and the use of Indian, or, Arabic numerals.

In the field of mathematics, al-Kindi played an important role in introducing Indian numerals to the Islamic and Christian world.

# redirect Indian numerals

In the twelfth century, Latin translations of his work on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world.

In the Indian subcontinent the Abjad numerals have become popular.

Until Arabic numerals were adopted and adapted from Indian numerals in the 8th and 9th century AD, and promoted in Europe by Fibonacci of Pisa with his 1202 book Liber Abaci, numerals were predominantly alphabetical.

Chinese and Indian merchants across the street were slamming their steel shutters.

Traders from the English colonies were far more generous, and Indian loyalty turned to them.

Regulations for the Indian trade were made by the Conseil superieure de la Louisiane, and Bienville apparently did not have control of that body.

The director of the post at Mobile kept an adequate amount of French goods, of a kind to which they were accustomed, to supply the Indian needs.

Around the 5th century, Indian clerks were already finding new ways of recording the contents of the Abacus.

Although the Indian and Greek concepts of the atom were based purely on philosophy, modern science has retained the name coined by Democritus.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

The Alabama, Coosa, and Tallapoosa rivers were central to the homeland of the Creek Indians before their removal by United States forces to the Indian Territory in the 1830s. In 1712 the Alabama River was descovered.

Later, the Indian techniques were augmented with some of the Babylonian techniques.

According to Kapila Vatsyayan, " Classical Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, literature ( kāvya ), music, and dancing evolved their own rules conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio-philosophic mind, but also the procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were worked out in detail.

Members of an Indian tribe in the northern part of Argentina were farmers who grew squash, melons, and sweet potatoes.

During the Neolithic Revolution, which occurred during the early Holocene, there were at least two aurochs domestication events: one related to the Indian subspecies, leading to Zebu cattle ; the other one related to the Eurasian subspecies, leading to taurine cattle.

After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, in 1858 the powers of the Company were transferred to the British Crown and the Governor-General of India.

In the agreement, the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed ; and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.

The East India Company and its Governor-General were replaced by a viceroy and the Indian Council, while at Westminster the Board of Control was abolished and its functions assumed by the newly created India Office, under the Secretary of State for India.

Boats were used between 4000 BCE and 3000 BCE in Sumer, ancient Egypt and in the Indian Ocean.

A more general binomial theorem and the so-called " Pascal's triangle " were known in the 10th-century A. D. to Indian mathematician Halayudha and Persian mathematician Al-Karaji, in the 11th century to Persian poet and mathematician Omar Khayyam, and in the 13th century to Chinese mathematician Yang Hui, who all derived similar results .< ref > Al-Karaji also provided a mathematical proof of both the binomial theorem and Pascal's triangle, using mathematical induction.

The French and English were each seeking to control lucrative Indian Ocean trade routes.

In a handful of documented cases, individuals attempting breatharian fasting have died, and among the claims investigated by the Indian Rationalist Association, all were found to be fraudulent.

During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, laws from Ireland, the United States, Britain, and France were all synthesized to get a refined set of Indian laws, as it currently stands.

To the Angkorian Khmer, nāgas were symbols of water and figured in the myths of origin for the Khmer people, who were said to be descended from the union of an Indian Brahman and a serpent princess from Cambodia.

In 1955, the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter, stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Communist Party ( SACP ), the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats ( COD ) and the Coloured People's Congress.

His methods were successfully applied and adopted by Japanese and Indian industries and subsequently were also embraced by US industry albeit with some reservations.

In the early centuries of the first millennium, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the Indian religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, religions which had a major effect on the language and culture of those living in Malaysia.

Some others adopted a militant approach that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle ; revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian sub-continent.

( Many tribes adopted constitutions by the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act model, with two-year terms for elected positions of chief and council members deemed too short by the authors for getting things done )

Native American identity has historically been based on culture, not just biology, as many American Indian peoples adopted captives from their enemies and assimilated them into their tribes.

The country has adopted a pragmatic policy, however, and serves as an important rest and recreation stop for US ships serving in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.

Communal tensions arose again in the late 1970s, fueled by Sikh claims of discrimination and marginalisation by the Hindu dominated Indian National Congress ruling party and the " dictatorial " tactics adopted by the then Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.

His adopted son and heir Nana Saheb was one of the principal revolutionary commanders in the Indian Mutiny.

This contrasting emphasis ( with regard to Indian music in particular ) manifests itself to some extent in the different methods of performance adopted: in Indian Music improvisation takes a major role in the structural framework of a piece, whereas in Western Music improvisation has been uncommon since the end of the 19th century.

I adopted some of them and recommended the study of Thoreau to all of my friends who were helping me in the cause of Indian Independence.

adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.

Every Indian who receives a land allotment " and has adopted the habits of civilized life " ( lived separate and apart from the tribe ) is bestowed with United States citizenship " without in any manner impairing or otherwise affecting the right of any such Indian to tribal or other property "

As they abandoned their agricultural villages near the Missouri River and acquired horses, the Cheyenne adopted the Plains Indian culture.

" Jana Gana Mana " was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.

Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.

This methodology is based on a system of logic that, subsequently, has been adopted by the majority of the other Indian schools, orthodox or not.

There Houston married in Indian tradition with Tiana Rogers, daughter of Chief John Headman Hellfire Rogers 1740-1833 and Jennie Due 1764-1806, sister of Chief John Jolly who adopted Houston into the Cherokee tribe.

* The title padishah ( Great King ) was also adopted from the Iranians by the Ottomans, and by various other Islamic monarchs claiming imperial rank, such as the Indian Mughals.

Recently an Indian court adopted the brain electrical oscillations signature test as evidence to convict a woman, who was accused of murdering her fiance.

It was adopted by 20th century Western historians from ancient Indian political discourse as a means of avoiding the term ' state ' in the conventional sense.