The Slava ( glorification ) is a result of the Serbs ' Christianization transforming the Indo-European custom of communal feasts into a Christian custom.

As with most ancient Indo-European cultures ( e. g. Greece and India ), the original primary mode of transmission of seminal information such as myths, stories, and customs was verbal, the then-unnecessary custom of writing being introduced later during the period of the text-based culture of Christianity.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

Altogether, Starostin concluded that the Altaic grouping was substantiated, though " older than most other language families in Eurasia, such as Indo-European or Finno-Ugric, and this is the reason why the modern Altaic languages preserve few common elements ".

The Mitanni Empire was also an Indo-European ( and Hurrian ) speaking and Anatolian based empire.

This cult was a survival of very old totemic and shamanistic rituals and formed part of a larger bear cult found further afield in other Indo-European cultures ( e. g., Gaulish Artio ).

Little is known of its origins but it is likely that an early form of the Basque language was present in Western Europe before the arrival of the Indo-European languages to the area.

The " warrior " derivation was adopted by the linguist, Julius Pokorny, who presented it as being from Indo-European * bhei ( ə )-, * bhī -, " hit ;" however, not finding any Celtic names close to it ( except for the Boii ), he adduces examples somewhat more widely from originals further back in time: phohiio-s -, a Venetic personal name ; Boioi, an Illyrian tribe ; Boiōtoi, a Greek tribal name (" the Boeotians ") and a few others.

The Balts or Baltic peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.

The dative was common among early Indo-European languages and has survived to the present in the Balto-Slavic branch and the Germanic branch, among others.

Old English was a highly inflected language, as befits its Indo-European and especially its Germanic linguistic ancestry, but its declensions greatly simplified as it evolved into Modern English.

Before Sapir it was generally considered impossible to apply the methods of historical linguistics to languages of indigenous peoples because they were believed to be more primitive than the Indo-European languages.

In 1861, Robert Ellis proposed that Etruscan was related to Armenian, which is nowadays acknowledged as an Indo-European language.

In different Indo-European languages, each of these words has a difficult etymology because of taboo deformations — a euphemism was substituted for the original, which no longer occurs in the language.

Like most Indo-European roots in the Germanic languages, it was altered by Grimm's law, so that Indo-European / p / > / f /, and / d / > / t /, as the German cognate furzen also manifests.

" Corn " was originally the dominant type of grain in a region ( indeed " corn " and " grain " are themselves cognates from the same Indo-European root ).

Franz Bopp ( September 14, 1791, Mainz – October 23, 1867, Berlin ) was a German linguist known for extensive comparative work on Indo-European languages.

Their Hittite language was a member of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family.

His book about his discovery was printed in Leipzig in 1917, under the title The Language of the Hittites ; Its Structure and Its Membership in the Indo-European Linguistic Family.

J. P. Mallory comments that the horse was an extremely important animal in Indo-European religion, as exemplified " most obviously " by various mythical brothers appearing in Indo-European legend, including Hengist and Horsa:

: Some would maintain that the premier animal of the Indo-European sacrifice and ritual was probably the horse.

This culture was a part of the European Battle Axe cultures, which have often been associated with the movement of the Indo-European speakers.

" This is not to be considered a nodular grouping ; in other words, there was not necessarily any common west Indo-European serving as a node from which the subgroups branched, but rather a hypothesized similarity between the dialects of Proto-Indo-European which developed into the recognized families.

It was Thomas Young who in 1813 first used the term Indo-European, which became the standard scientific term through the work of Franz Bopp, whose systematic comparison of these and other old languages supported the theory.

They were speakers of an Indo-European language known as the " language of Nesa ".

A relationship with Albanian in particular has been advanced by Zecharia Mayani, as well as earlier writers such as Ascoli, 1877, E. Schneider, 1889, Thomopoulos, 1912, Buonamici, 1919 ; but Albanian is known to be an Indo-European language, and widely considered in linguistics to be an isolate.

Several are known to have occurred in Indo-European languages, including the presumed original Proto-Indo-European words for bear (* rkso ), wolf (* wlk < sup > w </ sup > o ), and deer ( originally, hart — although the word hart remained commonplace in parts of England until the 20th century as is witnessed by the widespread use of the pub sign The White Hart ).

The term " Japhetic " was also applied by William Jones and other early linguists to what became known as the Indo-European language group.

The first Lithuanians were a branch of an ancient Indo-European group known as the Balts, whose tribes also included the original Prussian and Latvian people.

Owens based this assertion on the perceived Indo-European but non-Greek roots of a small number of words he was able to read by using the known Linear B or Cypriot sound values of certain Linear A signs.

An early supporter was the French linguist Albert Cuny — better known for his role in the development of the laryngeal theory — who published his Recherches sur le vocalisme, le consonantisme et la formation des racines en « nostratique », ancêtre de l ' indo-européen et du chamito-sémitique (' Researches on the Vocalism, Consonantism, and Formation of Roots in " Nostratic ", Ancestor of Indo-European and Hamito-Semitic ') in 1943.

Specialists in Bantu emphasize that there is a clear difference between genders ( such as known from Afro-Asiatic and Indo-European ) and nominal classes ( such as known from Niger – Congo ).

Though the Philistines adopted local Canaanite culture and language before leaving any written texts ( and later adopted the Aramaic language ), an Indo-European origin has been suggested for a handful of known Philistine words that survived as loanwords in Hebrew.

Both languages have the dual for nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs ; very few known living Indo-European languages retain this feature as a productive aspect of the grammar ( see Slovenian grammar or Lithuanian grammar for other ones ).

Sir William Jones ( 28 September 1746 – 27 April 1794 ) was an Anglo-Welsh philologist and scholar of ancient India, particularly known for his proposition of the existence of a relationship among Indo-European languages.

In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians.

The first inhabitants of this area known to history were the Pannonii ( Pannonians ), a group of Indo-European tribes akin to Illyrians.

Grimm's law ( also known as the First Germanic Sound Shift or the Rask's-Grimm's rule ), named after Jacob Grimm, is a set of statements describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ) stop consonants as they developed in Proto-Germanic ( the common ancestor of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family ) in the 1st millennium BC.

The term Japhetic was also applied by the early linguists ( brothers Grimm, William Jones, Rasmus C. Rask and others ) to what later became known as the Indo-European language group, on the assumption that, if descended from Japheth, the principal languages of Europe would have a common origin, which apart from Uralic, Kartvelian, Pontic, Dagestanian, and Basque, appears to be the case.

" In 1926 he brought out a successor work, The Aryans: A Study of Indo-European Origins, in which he looked at the theory that civilisation diffused northward and westward from the Near East to the rest of Europe via a linguistic group known as the Aryans ; with the ensuing simplistic abuse of " Aryan " by the National Socialists, Childe subsequently avoided mention of his book, as Colin Renfrew observes, though it " was very careful to distinguish between language and culture and supposed racial classification.

Nonetheless, some of the more archaic Indo-European languages are particularly known for suppletion.

The original homeland of the Kassites is not well known, but appears to have been located in the Zagros Mountains in Lorestan in what is now modern Iran, although, like the Elamites, Gutians and Manneans, they were unrelated to the later Indo-European / Iranic Medes and Persians who came to dominate the region a thousand years later .< ref >

Oscan is considered the most conservative of all the known Italic languages, and among attested Indo-European languages it is rivaled only by Greek in the retention of the inherited vowel system with the diphthongs intact.

This makes Anatolian the first known branch of Indo-European to become extinct.

His primary thesis in regards to this theory was that European civilizational flowering from Greece to Rome and Germanic to contemporary sprang from, and corresponded to, the ancient Indo-European culture, also known as " Aryan ".

He used an Eastern Iranian, Indo-European language known as Bactrian ( called " αρια ," i. e. " Aryan " in the Rabatak inscription ), which appears in Greek script in his inscriptions, though it is not certain what language the Kushans originally spoke ; possibly some form of Tocharian-a " centum " Indo-European language.