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The Indo-Greeks ruled various parts of northwestern India until the end of the 1st century BCE, when they were conquered by the Scythians and Kushans.
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Indo-Greeks and ruled
They displaced the Indo-Greeks and ruled a kingdom that stretched from Gandhara to Mathura.
By ca 175 BC, the Indo-Greeks ruled parts of northwestern India, while the Sungas remained in the Gangetic, Central, and Eastern India.
The Indo-Greeks may have ruled as far as the area of Mathura until the 1st century BC: the Maghera inscription, from a village near Mathura, records the dedication of a well " in the one hundred and sixteenth year of the reign of the Yavanas ", which could be as late as 70 BC.
Around 80 BC, an Indo-Scythian king named Maues, possibly a general in the service of the Indo-Greeks, ruled for a few years in northwestern India before the Indo-Greeks again took control.
In 180 BCE, the Indo-Greeks, invaded parts of northwest and northern India and ruled in the Punjab region.
Indo-Greeks and parts
The Greco-Bactrians conquered parts of northern India from 180 BCE, whence they are known as the Indo-Greeks.
Indo-Greeks and northwestern
The Kushans were nomadic people who started migrating from the Tarim Basin in Central Asia from around 170 BCE and ended up founding an empire in northwestern India from the 2nd century BCE, after having been rather Hellenized through their contacts with the Greco-Bactrians, and later the Indo-Greeks ( they adopted the Greek script for writing ).
Indo-Greeks and India
The 1st-2nd century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea further testifies to the reign of Menander and the influence of the Indo-Greeks in India:
The Indo-Greeks would maintain holdings on the trans-Indus region, and make forays into central India, for about a century.
The battle is historically significant for opening up India for Greek political ( Seleucid Empire, Indo-Greeks ) and cultural influence ( Greco-Buddhist art ) which was to continue for many centuries.
Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Kushans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Gandhara, in today ’ s northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mathura, and then the Hindu art of the Gupta empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia.
Some sources also claim that the Indo-Greeks may have reached the Sunga capital Pataliputra in northeastern India.
The 1st-2nd century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea further testifies to the reign of Apollodotus I and the influence of the Indo-Greeks in India:
The Sakas occupied the Greek territory of Dayuan, benefiting from the fact that the Greco-Bactrians were fully occupied with conflicts in India against the Indo-Greeks, and could hardly defend their northern provinces.
... who crushed down the pride and conceit of the Kshatriyas ( the native Indian princes, the Rajputs of Rajputana, Gujarat and Central India ); who destroyed the Shakas ( Western Kshatrapas ), Yavanas ( Indo-Greeks ) and Pahlavas ( Indo-Parthians ),... who rooted the Khakharata family ( The Kshaharata family of Nahapana ); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race.
Indo-Greeks and until
The Indo-Greeks continued to rule a territory in the eastern Punjab, until the kingdom of the last Indo-Greek king Strato was taken over by the Indo-Scythian ruler Rajuvula around 10 AD.
Indo-Greeks and 1st
Indo-Scythians expelled the Indo-Greeks by the mid 1st century BC, but lost the city to the Kushan Empire about 100 years later.
Throughout the 1st century BC, the Indo-Greeks progressively lost ground to the Indians in the east, and the Scythians, the Yuezhi, and the Parthians in the West.
They issued coinage from the 1st century BCE, when they seemingly gained independence from the Indo-Greeks.
Indo-Greeks and century
" Although there is no other mention of Han Wudi worshipping the Buddha in Chinese historical literature, the murals would suggest that statues of the Buddha were already in existence during the 2nd century BCE, connecting them directly to the time of the Indo-Greeks.
Even these Yaksas indicate some Hellenistic influence, possibly dating back to the occupation of Mathura by the Indo-Greeks during the 2nd century BCE.
Indo-Greeks and BCE
Around 125 BCE, the Greco-Bactrian king Heliocles, son of Eucratides, fled from the Yuezhi invasion of Bactria and relocated to Gandhara, pushing the Indo-Greeks east of the Jhelum River.
Although the extent of their successes against indigenous powers such as the Sungas, Satavahanas, and Kalingas are unclear, what is clear is that Scythian tribes, renamed Indo-Scythians, brought about the demise of the Indo-Greeks from around 70 BCE and retained lands in the trans-Indus, the region of Mathura, and Gujarat.
However, the rule of the Indo-Greeks over territories south of the Hindu Kush lasted for a further 150 years, ultimately collapsing under the pressure of the Yüeh-chih and Scythian ( Saka ) invasions in around 10 BCE, with the last Indo-Greek ruler Strato II.
Indo-Greeks and when
The early centuries of the Christian era was a great era of cultural fusion when the foreign invaders like the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas and the Hunas were assimilated.
Indo-Greeks and they
Led by their king Maues, they ultimately settled in modern-day Afghanistan / Pakistan from around 85 BC, where they replaced the kingdom of the Indo-Greeks by the time of Azes II ( reigned c. 35 – 12 BC ).
The Bactrian kingdom had recently fallen to invading nomads and though the Indo-Greeks managed to avoid the same fate, they became isolated from the Hellenistic world.
Indo-Greeks and were
* The alien hordes that did not follow priestly customs or traditions ( Shakas, Kushans, Indo-Greeks, Hunas and Parthians ) were stated as Vratya Kshatriyas in Manusmriti.
Indo-Greeks, Scythians, and Kushanas, were also mlecchas.
Since it already displays quite a sophisticated iconography ( Brahma and Śakra as attendants, Bodhisattvas ) in an advanced style, it would suggest much earlier representations of the Buddha were already current by that time, going back to the rule of the Indo-Greeks ( Alfred A. Foucher and others ).
One theory is that Indo-Greeks were invited to join a raid led by local Indian kings down the Ganges river.
It is usually considered that most of the excavations that were done at Sirkap near Taxila by John Marshall relate to Indo-Parthian layers, although more recent scholarship sometimes relates them to the Indo-Greeks instead.
Since the casket already displays quite a sophisticated iconography ( Brahma and Indra as attendants, Bodhisattvas ) in an advanced style, it would suggest much earlier representations of the Buddha were already current by that time, going back to the rule of the Indo-Greeks, as advocated by Alfred A. Foucher and others.
Indo-Greeks and by
There is some debate regarding the exact date for the development of the anthropomorphic representation of the Buddha, and this has a bearing on whether the innovation came directly from the Indo-Greeks, or was a later development by the Indo-Scythians, the Indo-Parthians or the Kushans under Hellenistic artistic influence.
It has been suggested that Maues may have been a Scythian general hired by the Indo-Greeks, who would have briefly seized power, before the Indo-Greeks managed to take it back (" Crossroads of Asia ").
They represent the first effort by a native Indian king to produce coins that could compare with those of the Indo-Greeks.
After the collapse of the Mauryan empire the region saw the resurgence of the Tribal republic of the Yaudheyas to be subdued again by the invading Indo-Greeks, Sakas and Kushanas before the beginning of the Christian era.
Indo-Greeks and Scythians
Various coins seem to suggest that some sort of alliance may have taken place between the Indo-Greeks and the Scythians.
The late Indo-Greeks may have been rather mixed with both Indians and Scythians.
Indo-Greeks and Kushans
The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians, although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-Parthians and Kushans.
The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians, although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-Parthians and Kushans.
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