To discourage Iran's offensive, the Iraqi air force initiated bombing raids over several Iranian cities and towns.

These chemical weapons were developed by Iraq from materials and technology supplied primarily by West German companies as well as the Reagan administration of the United States which also supplied Iraq with " satellite photos showing Iranian deployments " and advised Hussein to bomb civilian targets in Tehran and other Iranian cities.

As China began to develop its silk trade with the West, Iranian cities took advantage of this commerce by becoming centers of trade.

Using an extensive network of cities and settlements in the province of Mawarannahr ( a name given the region after the Arab conquest ) in Uzbekistan and farther east in what is today China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Soghdian intermediaries became the wealthiest of these Iranian merchants.

Along with Tehran and Esfahan, Shiraz is one of the handful of Iranian cities with a sizable Jewish population, and more than one active synagogue.

Category: Iranian archeological cities

Category: Iranian archeological cities

Category: Iranian archeological cities

Many Georgians or Iranians of partial Georgian descent are also scattered in major Iranian cities, such as Tehran, Esfahan, Karaj and Shiraz.

The Mandaeans of Iran lived chiefly in Ahvaz, Iranian Khuzestan, but have moved as a result of the Iraq-Iran War to other cities such as Tehran, Karaj and Shiraz.

In 2002 the US State Department granted Iranian Mandaeans protective refugee status ; since then roughly 1, 000 have emigrated to the US, now residing in cities such as San Antonio, Texas.

According to Pahlavi researcher Aban Tahmasebi, most of the Iranian cities faced a new health life, and they could finally begin to feel their life was similar to life in western countries.

*- ian ( countries: Bahamas → Bahamian, Belarus → Belarusian, Belgium → Belgian, Bermuda → Bermudian, Brazil → Brazilian, Cameroon → Cameroonian, Canada → Canadian, Chad → Chadian, Egypt → Egyptian, Ecuador → Ecuadorian, Ghana → Ghanaian, Grenada → Grenadian, Iran → Iranian ( also " Irani " or " Persian "), Jordan → Jordanian, Laos → Laotian, Louisiana → Louisianian, Maldives → Maldivian, Palestine → Palestinian, Saint Vincent → Vincentian, Trinidad → Trinidadian, Ukraine → Ukrainian ; cities / states: Adelaide → Adelaidian, Athens → Athenian, Ballarat → Ballaratian, Boston → Bostonian, Brisbane → Brisbanian ( also " Brisbanite "), Calgary → Calgarian, Canary Islands → Canarian, Cardiff → Cardiffian, Castile → Castilian, Coventry → Coventrian, Edmonton → Edmontonian, Florida → Floridian, Fort Worth → Fort Worthian, Gibraltar → Gibraltarian, Hesse → Hessian, Houston → Houstonian, Isles of Scilly → Scillonian, Lethbridge → Lethbridgian, Liverpool → Liverpudlian, Louisville → Louisvillian, Madrid → Madrilenian, Manchester → Mancunian, McKinney → McKinnian, Melbourne → Melburnian, New Guinea → New Guinian, New Orleans → New Orleanian, Oregon → Oregonian, Paris → Parisian, Peterborough → Peterborian, Phoenix → Phoenician, Saskatoon → Saskatonian ( Saskabusher ), Thrace → Thracian, Washington → Washingtonian, Wellington → Wellingtonian )

On August 28, 1988, New York Times published an article that after chemical attacks by MEK against western Iranian cities, Alireza Jafarzadeh as then public spokesman for MEK in the United States said:

The commission set up eight regional offices in Jalalabad, Herat, Kunduz, Kabul, Gardez, Kandahar, Mazar and Bamyan as well as in the Pakistani cities of Peshawar and Quetta, and in the Iranian cities of Tehran and Mashhad.

During the spring of 1891 mass protests against the Régie began to emerge in major Iranian cities.

Category: Iranian archeological cities

In Los Angeles, California and other cities with large Iranian expatriate communities, the Lion and Sun appears on Iranian flags and souvenirs to an extent that far surpasses its display during the years of monarchy in its homeland.

Many of the Tajiks know the Iranian city of Sabol, Birjand, Mashad or Bojnourd as well as Farah because these are Persian cities in which they share the same language, dialect, Shia Islam, mythology, family members and much more.

Major Iranian cities such as Tabriz, Mashhad, Shiraz and Esfahan were scenes of violent and widespread demonstrations as well.

Iranian Azeris, a Turkic-speaking people of mixed Caucasian, Iranian and Turkic origin, who number 16 percent of Iran's population are the largest group in Iranian Azerbaijan, while Kurds are the second largest group, and a majority in many cities of the West Azerbaijan Province.

On 19 August 1978 — the anniversary of the US backed pro-Shah coup d ' état which overthrew the nationalists and popular Iranian prime minister, Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh — the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze by four Islamic Revolution sympathizers in an attempt to help the cause of Iran's Islamic Revolution.

The population was predominantly wealthy and upper class, and along with Abadan, the prevalent culture was that of modern Iranian cosmopolitanism.

This led to the Abadan Crisis where foreign countries refused to take Iranian oil under British pressure and the Abadan refinery was closed.

The Abadan Crisis occurred from 1951 to 1954, after Iran nationalised the Iranian assets of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company ( AIOC ) and expelled Western companies from oil refineries in the city of Abadan ( see Abadan Refinery ).

It prohibited exports of key British commodities, including sugar and steel, directed the withdrawal of all British personnel from Iranian oil fields and all but a hard core of about 300 administrators from Abadan and blocked Iran's access to its hard currency accounts in British banks.

Minoo Island is an Iranian island in the Khuzestan province ( located in Persian Gulf ), in southwestern Iran and is close to the city of Abadan.

Ahmadreza Abedzadeh (, born May 25, 1966 in Abadan ) is a retired Iranian football goalkeeper.

** Iranian troops retake Khorramshahr.

He appears to have been the most forceful member of the Iranian negotiating team, resisting attempts to exclude Mohammareh ( present-day Khorramshahr ) from Iranian sovereignty and to make Iran pay compensation for its military incursions into the area of Solaymaniyeh.

Several thousand protesters gathered in the town of Khorramshahr on 29 May 1979 ; rioting broke out and Iranian Revolutionary Guards opened fire, allegedly killing more than 200 people.

According to Oan Ali Mohammed, the events at Khorramshahr were the spark that led to his desire to attack the Iranian Embassy in London — a plan inspired by the Iran hostage crisis in which supporters of the revolution held the staff of the American embassy in Tehran hostage.

An Iranian woman in front of a mosque during Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr in September – October 1980.

The city of Khorramshahr was one of the primary and most important frontlines of the war and has thus achieved mythic status amongst the Iranian population.

After the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980, Yazdi fully supported the Iranian war effort against the invasion, but opposed the continuation of the war after the Iranian victory in Khorramshahr in 1982.

The value has been proven many times, with the island providing a " fixed aircraft carrier " for the US during the Iranian revolution, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

It took several weeks for the Iranian armed forces to evacuate Iraqi territory to honor pre-war international borders between the two nations ( see 1975 Algiers Agreement ).

The war came at a great cost in lives and economic damage — half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers as well as civilians are believed to have died in the war with many more injured — but it brought neither reparations nor change in borders.

The conflict is often compared to World War I, in that the tactics used closely mirrored those of that conflict, including large scale trench warfare, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, use of barbed wire across trenches, human wave attacks across no-man's land, and extensive use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas by the Iraqi government against Iranian troops and civilians as well as Iraqi Kurds.

" However, in these UN statements it was never made clear that it was only Iraq that was using chemical weapons, so it has been said that " the international community remained silent as Iraq used weapons of mass destruction against Iranian as well as Iraqi Kurds " and it is believed that the " United States prevented the UN from condemning Iraq ".

In June 1982, Saddam Hussein ordered most of the Iraqi units to withdraw from Iranian territory ; after that time, the Baathist government tried to obtain a cease-fire based on a return of all armed personnel to the international borders that prevailed as of September 21, 1979.

Although Iraq eventually pushed back and contained the Iranian advances, it was not able to force Iranian troops completely out of Iraqi territory.

The war cost both sides in lives and economic damage: half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers, as well as civilians, are believed to have died in the war, with many more injured ; however, it brought neither reparations nor changes in borders.

The conflict has been compared to World War I in terms of the tactics used, including large scale trench warfare with barbed wire stretched across trenches, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, human wave attacks across a no-man's land, and extensive use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas by the Iraqi government against Iranian troops, civilians, and Iraqi Kurds.

" However, due to various outside pressures, the statements never clarified that only Iraq was using chemical weapons, and retrospective authors have claimed, " The international community remained silent as Iraq used weapons of mass destruction against Iranian as well as Iraqi Kurds.

* 1980 – Iran – Iraq War: Operation Morvarid – Over 70 % of Iraqi Navy was destroyed by Iranian Navy in The Persian Gulf.

There he involved himself with Iraqi Shi ' ites and developed a strong, worldwide religious and political following against the Iranian Government, whom Saddam tolerated.

** Iraqi warplanes dropped mustard gas bombs on the Iranian town of Sardasht in two separate bombing rounds, on four residential areas.

The SEALs employed DPVs into blocking positions to defend against counter-attack and roving bands of Iranian bandits that had been crossing the border and raiding Iraqi towns.

In 2005, 80 Iranian Kurds took part in an experiment and gained scholarships to study in Kurdish in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The Sorani group has been influenced by among other things its closer cultural proximity to the other languages spoken by Kurds in the region including the Gorani language in parts of Iranian Kurdistan and Iraqi Kurdistan.

Afghan refugees are mostly Persian-speaking Hazara or Tajiks, speaking a dialect of Persian, and Iraqi refugees, who are mainly Shia Muslim Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers of Iranian origin.

Iran demanded the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Iranian territory and the return to the status quo ante for the Shatt al-Arab, as established under the Algiers Agreement.

After the collapse of the Soviet-backed Kurdish Mahabad Republic in Iran in early 1947, Ibrahim Ahmad, previously the Sulaymaniyah representative of the Iranian KDP ( from now on referred to as KDP-I ), joined the newly formed Iraqi KDP.

Despite its pledge to support the stabilization of Iraq, Iranian authorities continued to provide lethal support, including weapons, training, funding, and guidance, to Iraqi Shia militant groups that target US and Iraqi forces.