He was the second child and eldest son of Isaac D ' Israeli, a literary critic and historian, and Maria Basevi.

* 1897 – Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli philosopher and historian ( d. 1982 )

* 1888 – Yitzhak Baer, German-born Israeli historian ( d. 1980 )

The Israeli historian Omer Bartov wrote that German films of the 1950s showed the average German soldier as a heroic victim: noble, tough, brave, honourable, and patriotic while fighting hard in a senseless war for a regime that he did not care for.

For example, according to Israeli journalist Yair Sheleg, in August 2000, German historian Hans Mommsen called it " a most trivial book, which appeals to easily aroused anti-Semitic prejudices.

* 1884 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician ( d. 1973 )

Also academics note that since much of what is known about Manichaeism comes from later 10th and 11th Century CE Islamic historians like Al-Biruni and especially the Shia Muslim Persian historian Ibn al-Nadim ( and his work Fihrist ); " Islamic authors ascribed to Mani the claim to be the Seal of the Prophets " This topic is discussed by an Israeli academic Guy G. Stroumsa

* 1910 – Benzion Netanyahu, Israeli historian, father of prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( d. 2012 )

* 1950 – Amir Aczel, Israeli mathematics historian

20 June 1926 – 17 October 2001 ) was an Israeli general, politician, and historian who founded the right-wing nationalist Moledet party, mainly advocating population transfer.

* 2012 – Yehuda Elkana, Israeli historian and philosopher ( b. 1934 )

A number of sources, including Mohammed Oudeh ( Abu Daoud ), one of the masterminds of the Munich massacre, and Benny Morris, a prominent Israeli historian, have stated that Black September was an armed branch of Fatah used for paramilitary operations.

* December 20 – Yitzhak Baer, German-born Israeli historian ( d. 1980 )

** Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher and historian ( d. 1982 )

** Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician ( b. 1884 )

* February 21 – Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher and historian ( b. 1897 )

* January 2 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician ( d. 1973 )

** Menahem Stern, Israeli historian ( b. 1925 )

Other historians, such as the German historian Wolfgang Michalka, the Anglo-German historian H. W Koch and the Israeli historian Martin van Creveld, have contended that Hitler's efforts to form an anti-British Eurasian " continental bloc " that was to include the Soviet Union in late 1940 as a diplomatic prelude to the " Mediterranean plan " were sincere, that until December 1940 Hitler's first priority was in defeating Britain, and that it was only when Hitler gave his approval to Operation Barbarossa that he finally lost interest in the " Mediterranean strategy ".

According to historian Shabtai Teveth, who wrote one of the more detailed accounts, the assignment was " To undermine Western confidence in the existing regime by generating public insecurity and actions to bring about arrests, demonstrations, and acts of revenge, while totally concealing the Israeli factor.

The Israeli historian Dan Michman found it likely that the commission, which considered the legal status and interactions of Jews and non-Jews before their emancipation, reached back to the Medieval Era for the term Judenräte.

According to Israeli historian Tom Segev, Maariv asked for the opinion of the minister of religious affairs, Dr. Zerah Warhaftig, who did not refute the rabbinical ruling, but quoted from traditional Jewish sources according to which Jewish doctors had saved the lives of non-Jews on the Sabbath, although they were not required to do so.

Saul Lieberman ( Hebrew: שאול ליברמן, May 28, 1898-March 23, 1983 ), also known as Rabbi Shaul Lieberman or, among some of his students, The Gra " sh ( Gaon Rabbeinu Shaul ), was an Israeli rabbi and a scholar of Talmud.

The Israeli historian Saul Friedländer used the " Proposals " to argue that Goerdeler was anti-Semitic, and that his differences with the Nazis on the " Jewish Question " were ones of degree, not kind.

Advanced for the first in time in 1959 by eminent Israeli specialist in tropical medicine Dr. Saul Adler from Hebrew University, the hypothesis of Chagas disease was based partly on the fact that during the Beagle expedition, Darwin was bitten by the insect vector of this disease near Mendoza to the east of the Argentinian Andes while on one of his land exploration trips.

Solomon Adler was the fifth of ten children ; the oldest was Saul Adler, who became a well-known Israeli parasitologist.

* Saul Friedländer ( born 1932 ), Israeli historian

With regard to the Israeli – Palestinian conflict, Saudi Arabia believes it is " an Arab and Islamic duty " to support the Palestinian cause and it " has issued numerous statements condemning Israeli aggressions against the Palestinian people and against the holy sites ".

Kramer believes that contemporary antisemitism is due only partially to Israeli policies, about which Muslims may have a deep sense of injustice and loss.

Walt believes that President Barack Obama erred by breaking with the principles in his Cairo speech by allowing continued Israeli settlement activity and by participating in a " well-coordinated assault " against the Goldstone Report.

The party believes that Israeli citizens are entitled to the best possible healthcare at the lowest possible cost.

Unlike some others in the Israeli peace movement, he does not oppose ( and in 1991 advocated ) the construction of an Israeli West Bank barrier, but believes that it should be roughly along the Green Line, the pre-1967 border.

The creation of a Palestinian state in Judea and Samaria would lead, Eldad believes, to a Hamas-run center of terror within three days of Israeli transfer of the land.

Despite its opposition to the expansionist policy of the most chauvinistic aspects of the Israeli bourgeoisie and its support for the struggle of the Palestinian people and to gain this right to an independent state, OAKKE, unlike all the other organizations and parties in Greece with reference to the left, defends the right of Israel to defend itself against attacks received from forces such as Hamas and Hezbollah, and believes these two organizations are Islamo-Nazi and hidden arms of the neo-Nazi axis.

Betzalel Bar Kochva, an Israeli historian, believes that the Judeans would have had equal numbers to the Seleucids in this battle, that Bacchides ' retreat was feigned in order to lure Judah into a vulnerable position, and that the Seleucid phalanx managed to best the Judean phalanx in a full-scale battle.

Summerfield has been a vocal critic of the Israeli Government's actions against Palestinians, leading to what he believes are violations of medical ethics.

The Israeli government believes that Modi ' in Illit would remain within Israeli jurisdiction in a final-status agreement with the Palestinians.

A representative of the NFIJ believes tension between Israeli journalists and the IFJ began during the Second Lebanon War.

Amal considers herself a " Palestinian singer ", and believes that her national pride is a cause of disconcert for many Israeli Jews.

An extensive review and opinion advocating the adoption of civil marriage in Israel, written by Prof. Pinhas Shifman and published in July 2001 by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, mentions Mamzer among the categories of Israelis which Professor Shifman believes should have a right to marry a spouse of their choice and argues current Israeli law interferes with and denies that right.

* 2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated.

The Times reported on 6 November 1995 that Prince Charles had stated on that day to Tony Blair and Paddy Ashdown, after the funeral of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, that " Catholics should be able to ascend to the British throne ".

The Syrians remained in control of a strip of territory along the Sea of Galilee originally allocated to the Jewish state, the Lebanese occupied a tiny area at Rosh Hanikra and the Egyptians retained the Gaza strip and still had some forces surrounded inside Israeli territory.

In a speech in July 2008, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah acknowledged that he had ordered the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers in order to free prisoners held in Israeli jails.

The Lebanese man was in possession of photographs of Israeli targets and had information on Israeli airlines flying back and forth from Cyprus, and planned to blow up a plane or tour bus.

, the Israeli government believed Hezbollah had an arsenal of more than 15, 000 long-range rockets stationed on its border with Lebanon.

American and Israeli counter-terrorism officials claim that Hezbollah has ( or had ) links to Al Qaeda, although Hezbollah's leaders deny these allegations.

The United States extended official recognition after the first Israeli election, as Truman had promised, on 31 January 1949.

" Later, a spokesman for the EIFF said that although it had returned £ 300 to the Israeli Embassy, the festival itself would fund Israeli filmmaker Tali Shalom-Ezer's travel to Edinburgh out of its own budget.

Palestinian terror claimed 106 lives in northern Israel from 1967, according to official IDF statistics, while the Lebanese army had recorded " 1. 4 Israeli violations of Lebanese territory per day from 1968 – 74 " Where Lebanon had no conflict with Israel during the period 1949 – 1968, after 1968 Lebanon's southern border began to experience an escalating cycle of attack and retaliation, leading to the chaos of the civil war, foreign invasions and international intervention.

The Central Elections Committee had banned him from being a candidate on the grounds that Kach was a racist party, but the Israeli Supreme Court overturned the ban on grounds that the committee was not authorized to ban Kahane's candidacy.

Having achieved spectacular successes in the offensive with tank-heavy formations during the Six Day War, the Israeli Defense Force found in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 that a doctrine that relied primarily on tanks and aircraft had proven inadequate.

The absence of armed personnel had worried Israeli delegation head Shmuel Lalkin even before his team arrived in Munich.

Fencing coach Andre Spitzer, who spoke fluent German, and shooting coach Kehat Shorr, the senior member of the Israeli delegation, had a brief conversation with German officials while standing at the second-floor window of the besieged building, with two kidnappers holding guns on them.

Reeve quotes General Aharon Yariv — who, he writes, was the general overseer of the operation — as stating that after Munich the Israeli government felt it had no alternative but to exact justice.

The current mayor is a Christian. The greater Nazareth metropolis area had a population of 210, 000, including 125, 000 ( 59 %) Israeli Arabs and 85, 000 Jews ( 41 %).

Def Jam co-founder Rick Rubin had already left the label by then ; taking his place alongside Russell Simmons was Lyor Cohen, the son of Israeli immigrants who had run Rush Artist Management since 1985.

The Italian RAI TV show La notte della Repubblica mentioned the possibility that the Red Brigades had been infiltrated by Israeli agents as early as 1974.

* The Lebanese Hezbollah-owned satellite channel Al-Manar comes out with a news piece arguing that the Israeli secret services and Zionist supporters of them were most likely responsible, and claiming that 4, 000 Israelis had stayed away from work at the World Trade Center that day.

With all the greatest shrines in the Christian world to choose from, it seemed that when the local Arab Christians had a problem – an illness, or something more complicated: a husband detained in an Israeli prison camp, for example – they preferred to seek the intercession of St George in his grubby little shrine at Beit Jala rather than praying at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem or the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.