The manufacturing sector is an essential contributor to the Jamaican economy.

In 1979 the group was accused, tried, and convicted of smuggling massive amounts of potent cannabis from Jamaica to Miami in actions that kept the Jamaican economy afloat that decade.

In 1866 the Jamaican legislature renounced its powers, and the country became a crown colony.

Coffee is mainly grown around the Blue Mountains and in hilly areas, where one type, Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee, is considered among the best in the world because at those heights in the Blue Mountains, the cooler climate causes the berries to take longer to ripen and the beans develop more of the substances which on roasting give coffee its flavor.

In the fall of 1997, Jamaica upgraded its consulate in Havana to an embassy, and the nonresident Jamaican ambassador to Cuba was replaced by a resident ambassador.

The original 2 Tone bands had emerged amid punk rock's second wave, but their music was much closer to its Jamaican roots —" ska at 78 rpm ".

Jamaican bromeliads are home to Metopaulias depressus, a reddish-brown crab 2 cm ( 0. 75 inch ) across, which has evolved social behavior to protect its young from predation by Diceratobasis macrogaster, a species of damselfly whose larvae live in bromeliads.

It originates from Panamanian Spanish reggae and Jamaican dancehall, however received its rise to popularity through Puerto Rico.

A recent sound known as Romantikeo, its similar to American R & B and Jamaican dancehall.

It had the nineteenth highest percentage of Jamaican residents in the US, at 5. 80 % ( which tied with Lake Park, FL ,) and the thirty-ninth highest percentage of Dominican residents in the US, at 3 % of its population.

El Portal's Jamaican community had the tenth highest percentage of residents, which was at 8. 5 % of its residents.

) It had the eighteenth highest percentage of Haitian residents in the US, at 9. 10 % of the town's population ( tied with Lauderhill ,) and the thirty-fourth highest percentage of Jamaican residents in the US, at 3. 90 % of its population ( which tied with Redan, GA and Somerset, NJ.

It had the 145th highest percentage of Puerto Rican residents in the US, at 6. 82 % of the population, and the seventeenth highest percentage of Jamaican residents in the US, at 6. 0 % of its population.

The choir draws its members from all three common rooms, and has performed for a wide variety of different guests, ranging from the Jamaican High Commissioner to many bishops and archbishops.

Due to its roots in Jamaica and the deleterious effects alcohol has had on Jamaican society, many Rastafarians do not approve of alcohol consumption.

An extinct species, the Jamaican Ibis or Clubbed-wing Ibis ( Xenicibis xympithecus ) was uniquely characterized by its club-like wings.

The Jamaican Blackbird uses its bill to pry amongst tree bark and epiphytes, and has adopted the evolutionary niche filled elsewhere in the Neotropics by woodcreepers.

Although Reggaeton was born in Puerto Rico, its roots are Jamaican Dancehall Reggae.

A recent sound known as " Romantikeo ", its similar to American R & B and Jamaican dancehall.

For many years, the Jamaican Constabulary Force has been noted for its extrajudicial killings.

A nostrum known as " Jamaican ginger " was ordered to change its formula by Prohibition officials.

UGLI is the trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited and under which it sells its Jamaican tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit ( or pomelo ), an orange and a tangerine.

While it takes influences from hip hop and Jamaican dancehall, reggaeton is not precisely the Hispanic or Latin American version of either of these genres ; reggaeton has its own specific beat and rhythm, whereas Latin hip hop is simply hip hop recorded by artists of Latino descent.

Despite its name, the JLP is a centre-right, conservative party, albeit one with ties to the Jamaican labour movement.

For today's youth, the term bears none of its older connotations of ska and skinheads, instead harking back to something more akin to its original Jamaican meaning.

However, he won a fourth Olympic medal with the Jamaican relay team, which finished second behind the United States.

The Order of Merit is part of the Jamaican honours system and is the fourth highest honour conferred by the nation of Jamaica.

At a press conference, Jamaican Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller announced that a Joint Jamaica / Haiti Commission would be convened later that year.

He also drew up plans to attack French islands in the Caribbean the following year at the suggestion of a Jamaican sugar planter William Beckford.

That same year, Thomas teamed with Jamaican fitness instructor Sandi Morais to compose songs for a family-friendly musical titled Sacha, which enjoyed runs in south Florida and New York.

In 1974 he began working with producer Alvin Ranglin, and that year he had his first Jamaican number one single with " Love Is Overdue ".

Progressing to a pre-ska shuffle, Aitken's 1958 single " Little Sheila "/" Boogie in My Bones " was one of the first records produced by Chris Blackwell, who founded his Island Records label that year, and the first Jamaican popular music record to be released in the United Kingdom.

The style gained wider popularity that year with the cult success of the Jamaican movie The Harder They Come, which starred reggae musician Jimmy Cliff, who also wrote and performed much of the soundtrack album.

Bryan was a 22 year old Jamaican woman and first offender, who pleaded guilty to petty larceny ( shoplifting goods worth £ 2 ) and was recommended for deportation by Paddington magistrates.

The last person ever to be hanged at the prison was a 20 year old Jamaican nameed Oswald Augustus Grey.

Michael won three Jamaican national title in his career and in 2002 he was awarded Carreras jamaica's sportsman of the year.

The growth of the town was given a substantial stimulus when the Alcan Bauxite Company in a joint venture with the Jamaican Government opened its Kirkvine works nearby at Williamsfield in 1957.

Furthermore, about 5. 0 % were Jamaican and 4. 0 % Haitian alone, so 10. 6 % were generically West Indian.

The other languages included Spanish which was at 3. 34 %, French was at 1. 36 %, and Jamaican Creole & ( Jamaican ) Patois added together, made up 0. 52 % of all residents.

As of 2000, before being annexed to Miami Gardens, English as a first language accounted for 75. 24 % of all residents, while Spanish was spoken by 21. 04 %, French Creole was at 3. 27 %, and Jamaican Creole as a mother tongue made up 0. 44 % of the population.

Though a Jamaican by birth, Barnes opted to represent the country he had lived in since the age of 13 and was given his England debut by Bobby Robson on 28 May 1983, when he came on as a second half replacement for Watford team-mate Luther Blissett as England drew 0 – 0 with Northern Ireland in a British Championship match at Windsor Park, Belfast.

From its introduction, the Jamaican dollar has fallen from a peak of J $ 0. 77 to US $ 1 in its first few years of circulation to a series of new lows exceeding J $ 89 to US $ 1 during 2009.