On the issue of reparations, he barely acknowledges the wrongs committed by the Swiss and German institutions — the burying of Jewish bank accounts, the use of slave labor — that gave rise to the recent reparations drive.

In the 1990s, controversy over a class-action lawsuit brought in Brooklyn, New York over Jewish assets in Holocaust-era bank accounts prompted the Swiss government to commission the most recent and authoritative study of Switzerland's interaction with the Nazi regime.

During the German occupation in World War II his father worked for a German bank, which also dealt with confiscated Jewish assets.

The first coffee house in 1797, and in 1841, the first bank and insurance company in Vorarlberg were the result of the Jewish economic activity in the town.

Her mother, Gertrud ( née Lichtwitz ), was a pianist and Budapest native who came from the " Jewish haute bourgeoisie ", and her father, Lemberg-born Emil Kiesler, was a successful bank director.

According to the London Sunday Times on March 20, 2005, despite their cultural differences, " Riza, an Arab feminist who confounds portrayals of Wolfowitz as a leader of a ' Zionist conspiracy ' of Jewish neoconservatives in Washington ... who works as the bank ’ s senior gender co-ordinator for the Middle East and north Africa ... not only shares Wolfowitz ’ s passion for spreading democracy in the Arab world, but is said to have reinforced his determination to remove Saddam Hussein ’ s oppressive regime.

The relationships between Jewish leaders at the west bank and the Hashemite dynasty in the area was characterized by ambivalence as both parties ' prominence grew in the area.

According to its website, the WRJO's mission is to consult and negotiate " with national and local governments to conclude agreements and ensure legislation concerning the restitution of property to the Jewish people ", to conduct " research on Jewish property in national and local archives and to establish a central data bank in which information on Jewish communal property will be recorded and assembled, and to allocate " funds for the preservation of Jewish cultural and educational projects in that country.

In 1995, the WJC initiated negotiations on behalf of various Jewish organizations with Swiss banks and the government of Switzerland over so-called dormant World War II-era bank accounts of Holocaust victims.

In 1996, Sweden also opened an investigation into assertions by the World Jewish Congress that looted Nazi gold from World War II had been deposited in Swedish government bank vaults.

On the left bank of the Tigris between Samarra and Baghdad was the city of ‘ Ukbarâ ( عكبرا, q. v .), located along a river that flows southward out of Asia Minor, and the birthplace of at least two Jewish " heresiarchs ", who led the " Okbarite " heretical movement within Karaism, itself a heresy in the eyes of orthodox Judaism.

He participated in the Jewish self-defense of Balta, for which the Russian Tsarist government sentenced him to 3 months in prison for " provoking " the Balta pogrom, and was twice convicted for taking part in anarchist " expropriation " ( burglary ) and bank robbery in Austro-Hungary.

Other ancient Jewish sources, particularly the Book of Jubilees, point to Arpachshad as the immediate progenitor of Ura and Kesed, who allegedly founded the city of Ur Kesdim ( Ur of the Chaldees ) on the west bank of the Euphrates ( Jub.

When a Jewish family in Japan received an exit visa in that period, the Refugee Committee would provide the family with 5, 000 yen to deposit in a bank ( as allowed by law ) and receive US dollars ( or the currency of the country to which it planned to travel ) at the official rate — say, US $ 50.

The bank took part early on in the Third Reich's policy of confiscating Jewish property and wealth.

Augustus Melmotte is a foreign-born financier with a mysterious past ( he is rumored to have Jewish origins, and it is later revealed that he owned a failed bank in Munich ).

Fritz Mannheimer ( 19 September 1890 – 9 August 1939 ) was a powerful German Jewish and from 1936 Dutch banker and art collector who was the director of the Amsterdam branch of the Berlin-based investment bank Mendelssohn & Co. that was for some time the main supporter of the Dutch capital market.

Jewish businesses were confiscated, Jewish bank accounts frozen, and exit visas could be approved only by a special government agency for Jewish affairs.

In early March 1938 Nazis threw the bank's Jewish president, Franz Rothenberg, from a moving vehicle ( an incident he survived ) and later demanded compensation from the imprisoned Baron Louis Rothschild for losses suffered by the Austrian state when the bank collapsed.

Held began working in the garment industry, then found work as a singer in Jewish theatres in Paris and, later, after her father's death, London, where her roles included the title role in a production by Jacob Adler of Abraham Goldfaden's Shulamith ; she was also in Goldfaden's ill-fated Paris troupe, whose cashier stole their money before they ever played publicly.

Nearly 30 years after the film was released, essayist David Rakoff slammed the film in an article for Nextbooks online magazine of Jewish culture, calling it pretentious, with a " narcotized affect ... as chilly as an Alex Katz painting, with a similar goyische naches pleasure anti-Semitic-by-omission Easthampton Waspiness obtaining to it all.

Meeting of the representative of the World Jewish Congress, Alex Easterman, with the Pasha of Marrakesh and Lord of the Atlas, Thami El Glaoui | T ' hami el Mezourai El Glaoui, at the palace of the Pasha in Marrakesh, Morocco, January 1954The WJC leadership also kept in close touch with the leaders of the Moroccan independence movement, including the exiled sultan of Morocco, Mohammed V, who insisted that an autonomous Morocco would guarantee the freedom and equality of all its citizens, including access of non-Muslims to public administration.

The neighbourhood has a thriving cultural scene, with the Tranzac ( Toronto Australia-New Zealand ) Club, the Bathurst Street Theatre, the Bloor Cinema ( repertory cinema ), the Jewish Community Centre, and, until recently, the now closed Poor Alex Theatre at Bloor and Brunswick.

Alex Carlile, the son of Polish Jewish immigrants, was brought up in North Wales and Lancashire.

* Alex Birns ( 1907-1975 ), Jewish American mobster

On October 29 an arson fire damaged the ADC office in Washington, D. C. On October 11, the day after the ending of the Achille Lauro incident where a Jewish American died, Alex Odeh, ADC ’ s west-coast regional director, was killed in a bombing as he opened the door to his office.

* " Interview with Alex Linder of the Vanguard News Network: Jewish journalist interviews leading anti-Jewish activist ", Global Politician, October 11, 2007

* Alex Bein, Jewish scholar

Alex Katz was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, as the son of an émigré who had lost a factory he owned in Russia to the Soviet revolution.

This is not to deny the existence of pogroms and ghettos, but only to assert that these horrors have had an effect on the nerves of people who did not experience them, that among the various side effects is the local hysteria of Jewish writers and intellectuals who cry out from confusion, which they call oppression and pain.

They were disturbed by his idiotic bravado -- as, when his bodyguard, Yankee Schwartz, complained that he had been snubbed by Dave Miller, a prize-fight referee, chieftain of a Jewish gang and one of four brothers of tough reputation, who were Hirschey, a gambler-politician in loose beer-running league with Torrio and O'Banion, Frank, a policeman, and Max, the youngest.

They discovered that, although 42 per cent of a sample of Catholic students and 15 per cent of the Protestants believed it important to live in accordance with the teachings of their religion, only 8 per cent of the Jewish students had this conviction.

She set out to make sure that no Jewish child anyplace in the world had to live in a place such as this ''.

In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church.

Six weeks before the German invasion of Poland, Heschel left Warsaw for London with the help of Julian Morgenstern, president of Hebrew Union College, who had been working to obtain visas for Jewish scholars in Europe.

Nazi rule destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 170, 000 before 1933.

Although his father had him baptised to Anglicanism at age 12, he was nonetheless Britain's first and thus far only Jewish Prime Minister.

Though a practicing Christian, he had been born into a Jewish family with origins from Portugal, and had converted at a young age.

Lord John Russell, the Whig leader who had succeeded Peel as Prime Minister and like Rothschild a member for the City of London, introduced a Jewish Disabilities Bill to amend the oath and permit Jews to enter Parliament.

The earliest organization of the Church in Jerusalem was according to most scholars similar to that of Jewish synagogues, but it had a council or college of ordained presbyters ( elders, priests ).

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " a comparison of the Masoretic text with the Septuagint throws some light on the last phase in the history of the origin of the Book of Jeremiah, inasmuch as the translation into Greek was already under way before the work on the Hebrew book had come to an end ...

In late 1905 Balfour had requested of Charles Dreyfus, his Jewish constituency representative, that he arrange a meeting with Weizmann, during which Weizmann asked for official British support for Zionism ; they were to meet again on this issue in 1914.

Chaim Weizmann and Nahum Sokolow, the principal Zionist leaders based in London, had asked for the reconstitution of Palestine as " the " Jewish national home.

The bridge was largely funded by Basel's Jewish community which had settled there a century earlier.

In the face of armed revolt of Jewish militant groups and increasing violence of the local Arab population, Britain had found itself unable to control events.

Its principal founder was Rabbi Zecharias Frankel, who had broken with the German Reform Judaism in 1845 over its rejection of the primacy of the Hebrew language in Jewish prayer and the rejection of the laws of kashrut.

She had her own intellectual ambitions as a young woman, but they were blocked by social restrictions, because of her poverty, her being a woman and wife, and her Jewish ethnicity.

Thus, Cyril followed his uncle in a position that had become powerful and influential, rivalling that of the prefect in a time of turmoil and frequently violent conflict between the cosmopolitan city's Pagan, Jewish, and Christian inhabitants.

Modern historians think that Orestes had cultivated his relationship with Hypatia to strengthen a bond with the Pagan community of Alexandria, as he had done with the Jewish one, to handle better the difficult political life of the Egyptian capital.

The ancient Jewish Historian Flavius Josephus narrates in his book Jewish Antiquities XII, how the victorious Judas Maccabeus ordered lavish yearly eight-day festivities after rededicating the Temple in Jerusalem that had been profaned by Antiochus IV Epiphanes.

For example, in Spain, unrepentant Jews were exiled, and it was only those crypto-Jews who had accepted baptism under pressure but retained Jewish customs in private, who were punished in this way.