The event is the sixth on the annual calendar of the local members of the National Council of Jewish Women.

In Judaism it is traditionally recited on the fast day of Tisha B ' Av (" Ninth of Av ") the saddest day on the Jewish calendar mourning the destruction of both the First and the Second Temples in Jerusalem.

An astronomical calendar is based on ongoing observation ; examples are the religious Islamic calendar and the old religious Jewish calendar in the time of the Second Temple.

An arithmetic calendar is one that is based on a strict set of rules ; an example is the current Jewish calendar.

* First day that rain is prayed for, notably the only Jewish day which is tied to the civil calendar.

Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar.

The first Christians, Jewish and Gentile, were certainly aware of the Hebrew calendar (; ; ; ; ), but there is no direct evidence that they celebrated any specifically Christian annual festivals.

But while martyrs ' days ( usually the individual dates of martyrdom ) were celebrated on fixed dates in the local solar calendar, the date of Easter was fixed by means of the local Jewish lunisolar calendar.

Because of this dissatisfaction with reliance on the Jewish calendar, some Christians began to experiment with independent computations.

The reference to Passover twice in the same year might refer to the geographical diversity that existed at that time in the Jewish calendar, due in large measure to the breakdown of communications in the Empire.

This controversy between those who advocated independent computations, and those who wished to continue the custom of relying on the Jewish calendar, was formally resolved by the First Council of Nicaea in 325 ( see below ), which endorsed the move to independent computations, effectively requiring the abandonment of the old custom of consulting the Jewish community in those places where it was still used.

Some historians have argued that mid-4th century Roman authorities, in an attempt to enforce the Nicene decision on Easter, attempted to interfere with the Jewish calendar.

The Historian Procopius, in his Secret History, claims that the emperor Justinian attempted to interfere with the Jewish calendar in the 6th century, and a modern writer has suggested that this measure may have been directed against the protopaschites.

However, none of Justinian's surviving edicts dealing with Jewish matters is explicitly directed against the Jewish calendar, making the interpretation of Procopius's statement a complex matter.

In determining the date of the Jewish Passover a lunisolar calendar is also used, and because Easter always falls on a Sunday it usually falls up to a week after the first day of Passover ( Nisan 15 in the Hebrew calendar ).

Jehovah's Witnesses commemorate Christ's death as a ransom or propitiatory sacrifice by observing The Lord's Evening Meal, or Memorial, each year on the evening that corresponds to the Passover, Nisan 14, according to the ancient Jewish calendar.

In the Jewish calendar, each day runs from sunset to sunset, and hence the Last Supper ( on the Thursday evening ), and Jesus's crucifixion ( on Friday afternoon ), both fell on the same day.

In John, this day was the 14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar ; that is the day on the afternoon of which the Passover victims were sacrificed in the Temple, which was also known as the Day of Preparation.

Within this frame of reference policies appropriate to claims advanced in the name of the Jews depend upon which Jewish identity is involved, as well as upon the nature of the claim, the characteristics of the claimant, the justifications proposed, and the predispositions of the community decision makers who are called upon to act.

The formal position of Americans who identify themselves with one or more of the several identities of the Jewish symbol is already clear ; ;

He is New York-born and Jewish.

This is not to deny the existence of pogroms and ghettos, but only to assert that these horrors have had an effect on the nerves of people who did not experience them, that among the various side effects is the local hysteria of Jewish writers and intellectuals who cry out from confusion, which they call oppression and pain.

Finally, there is the undeniable fact that some of the finest American fiction is being written by Jews, but it is not Jewish fiction ; ;

Intermarriage, which is generally regarded as a threat to Jewish survival, was regarded not with horror or apprehension but with a kind of mild, clinical disapproval.

One of the significant things about Jewish culture in the older teen years is that it is largely college-oriented.

It is significant, too, that the older teen-agers I interviewed believed, unlike the younger ones, that Jewish students tend to do better academically than their gentile counterparts.

The percentage of Jewish girls who attend college is almost as high as that of boys.

The vocational motive is the dominant one for boys, while Jewish girls attend college for social reasons and to become culturally developed.

It is they who read -- and make -- Jewish best-sellers and then persuade their husbands to read them.

The Jewish working girl almost invariably works in an office -- in contradistinction to gentile factory workers -- and, buttressed by a respectable income, she is likely to dress better and live more expansively than the college student.

One of the reasons for the high percentage of Jewish teen-agers in college is that a great many urban Jews are enabled to attend local colleges at modest cost.

This is particularly true in large centers of Jewish population like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

What is noteworthy about this large group of teen-agers is that, although their attitudes hardly differentiate them from their gentile counterparts, they actually lead their lives in a vast self-enclosed Jewish cosmos with relatively little contact with the non-Jewish world.

Second, the attitude in Jewish families is far more protective toward the daughter than toward the son.

Brooklyn College is unequivocally Jewish in tone, and efforts to detribalize the college by bringing in unimpeachably midwestern types on the faculty have been unavailing.

The Thrift Shop, with Mrs. Bernhard S. Blumenthal as president, is one of the city's most successful fund-raisers for the Federation of Jewish Agencies.

`` Meet the Artist '' is the invitation issued by members of the Greater Philadelphia Section of the National Council of Jewish Women as they arrange for an annual exhibit and sale of paintings and sculpture at the Philmont Country Club on April 8 and 9.

The Hebrew calendar ( ha ' luach ha ' ivri ), or Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances.

The Jewish calendar is lunisolar.

Dating back to the time of the Babylonian captivity ( 6th century BCE ), public Torah reading mostly followed an annual cycle beginning and ending on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, with the Torah divided into 54 weekly portions to correspond to the lunisolar Hebrew calendar, which contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between leap years and regular years.

' There, in that fixed attitude of grief which Michelangelo has immortalized, the prophet may well be supposed to have mourned the fall of his country " ( Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, History of the Jewish Church ).

The Jewish day is of no fixed length.

The Jewish Agency distributed entry permits to new immigrants ( the number was fixed by the British ) and funds donated by Jews abroad.

Some scholars argue that a " Jewish biblical canon " was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty.

Easter's date corresponds roughly with Passover, the Jewish observance associated with the Exodus, that is fixed for the night of the Full moon near the time of the equinox.

Some scholars argue that the Jewish canon was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty ( 140-37 BCE ).

Precisely what the Bar / Bat Mitzvah should lead during the service varies in Judaism's different denominations and from one congregation to another and is not fixed by Jewish law.

However, whereas Western Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar in their calculations, the Orthodox calculate the fixed date of 21 March according to the Julian Calendar, and observe the additional rule that Easter may not precede or coincide with the first day of the Jewish Passover ( see computus for further details ).

Karaite Jews also maintain that Rabbinic Jews are not observing Jewish holy days on their correct date, because the dates are fixed according to the pre-calculated Hillel II calendar, instead of beginning each month with the sighting of the New Moon from the horizon of Israel, and starting the year during the month when the barley reaches the stage of Aviv in the land of Israel.

observing Easter on the Jewish Passover date of 14 Nisan, as did Polycrates of Ephesus et al., writing On the Passover and other works, which were destroyed after Easter observance was fixed on Sunday and they were declared heretics.

The fixed Jewish calendar ensures 27 Nisan does not fall on Saturday.

Since the Apostles were originally Jews, see Jewish Christians, the concept of fixed hours for services, and services therefore which differed from weekday to Sabbath to holy day, were familiar to them.

For example some scholars argue that the Jewish canon was fixed earlier, by the Hasmonean dynasty ( 140-137 BC ).

In some establishments, the Jewish quota placed a limit on growth rather than set a fixed level of participation to be achieved.

A formula for the Jewish oath was fixed by Charlemagne.

Several modern historians have attempted to outline Peregrinus ' life using the works of Lucian and other sources that have fixed historical dates such as the completion of Herodes Atticus ' aqueduct and the Jewish revolt in Syria.