Khazars were judged according to Tōra ( orders of the Khagan ; coming from the root Tōr meaning customs ; unwritten law of people in Old Turkic ) ( Modern Turkish: Töre ), while the other tribes were judged according to their own laws.

Then in the 7th century Khan Kubrat ruler of the Unogundurs established Old Great Bolgary there before his heir Batbayan surrendered it to the Khazars.

The consensus among scholars had long been and still is that the Khazars spoke an Oghuric Turkic language similar to Chuvash, Hunnish, Turkic Avar and Volga-Bulgarian, possibly influenced by Old Turkic and Uyghur influences, as was stated by Al-Istakhri " the language of Bulgars resembles the language of Khazars ".

The second phase, between CE 500 and 900, saw Slavic, Turkic, and other tribes on the move, resettling in Eastern Europe and gradually making it predominantly Slavic, and affecting Anatolia and the Caucasus as the first Turkic tribes ( Avars, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs ), as well as Bulgars, and possibly Magyars arrived.

A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas through to the 8th century.

Golden along with M. Artamonov and A. Novoseltsev claimed that the Khazars were a tribal union of Uyghur, Sabir, and some other Central Asian Turkic people.

However, the Dulo clans Ten Tribes soon seceded from the Gokturks to become the Western Turkic Kaghanate which thrived until 630s AD when they became the Khazars.

A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas until the 10th century.

The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Turkish, Azerbaijani, Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyz, Turkmens, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Turkic Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Balkars, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Göktürks, Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Bulgars, Turgeshes, Khazars, Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks, Mamluks, Timurids and possibly Huns and the Xiongnu.

Turkic tribes, such as Khazars and Pechenegs, probably lived as nomads for many years before establishing the Göktürk Empire or Mongolia in the 6th century.

In the 7th century, the Turkic Khazars took control of Bospor, and the city was named Karcha from Turkic " karşı " meaning ' opposite, facing.

What mainly issued from Muslim Central Asia was the trade of the Samanids, which resumed the northwestern road leading to the Khazars and the Urals and the northeastern one toward the nearby Turkic tribes.

While the Siege of Constantinople was taking place, Heraclius allied with what Byzantine sources called the Khazars under Ziebel, who are identified with the Western Turkic Khaganate of the Göktürks led by Tong Yabghu, plying him with wondrous gifts and a promise of the reward of the porphyrogenita Eudoxia Epiphania.

Oghuz Turks ( also known as Turkmens ), Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Khazars, Kyrgyz, Hazara and Uyghurs are some of the Turkic inhabitants of the region who, as history progressed, have spread further into Eurasia forming such Turkic nations as Turkey and Azerbaijan, and subnational regions like Tatarstan in Russia and Crimea in Ukraine.

Kazakhs are descendants of the Turkic tribes-Argyns, Khazars, Qarluqs ; and of the Kipchaks and Cumans ( the Kipchaks and Cumans being one of their major ancestors ) Turkic groups ( Kiyat, Dughlat, Naimans, Kerait, Onggirat, Manghud, Jalayir ) and other Turkic tribes such as the Kankalis, and ancient nomads like the Sarmatians, Saka and Scythians.

According to Peter Golden, " steady pressure from Turkic nomads was typical of the Khazar era, although there are no unambiguous references to permanent settlements ", while Vladimir Minorsky stated that, in Islamic times, " the town of Qabala lying between Sharvan and Shakki was a place where Khazars were probably settled ".

Following the Ottoman invasion of Balkans, European armies were introduced to the kilij, though Greeks, Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, other Slavs and Hungarians were not strangers to this sword type from their earlier encounters with Turkic nomads such as Bulgars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans and Tatars.

In the Christian Alexander romance literature, Gog and Magog were sometimes associated with the Khazars, a Turkic people who lived near the Caspian Sea.

They also claimed descent from the Turkic Khazars.

Noted for their laws, tolerance, and cosmopolitanism, the Khazars were the main commercial link between the Baltic and the Muslim Abbasid empire centered in Baghdad.

D. Ludwig claims that Khazars were driven out of the region by the rising Hephthalites.

Within a few years, the Dulo " Ten Tribe " Confederation in Atyrau Province allied themselves to the Ashinas forming the Western part of the Gokturk Empire and were able to snatch Phanagoria back from the Avars renaming the Sabirs as Khazars under the rule of Kaghan Kazarig.

His military efforts were supplemented by his alliances with the Khazars and the Georgians.

After several wars with the Khazars, the Bulgars were finally defeated and they migrated to the south to the north and mainly to the west into the Balkans where most of the other Bulgar tribes were living in a state vassal to the Byzantine Empire since the 5th century.

Conversely, Eldad ha-Dani argued that the tribe of Simeon had become quite powerful, taking tribute from 25 other kingdoms, some of which were Arabians ; though he names their location, surviving versions of his manuscripts differ as to whether it was the land of the Khazars or of the Chaldeans-Chaldeans would be an anachronism, though it could possibly refer to Buyid Dynasty Persia.

The Khazars were the allies of the Byzantines until the reign of Romanos, when he started persecuting the Jews of the empire.

The Christian settlements along the coast were destroyed by the invading Gokturks, Khazars, and other nomadic empires whose control of the region was slight.

They had to pay tribute to the Khazars in the 8th and 9th century, were annexed by Oleg of Novgorod to the Kiev state together with the Polans in the late 9th century, and participated in Oleg's campaign against Constantinople in 907.

According to Koestler the Onogurs were led by Prince Árpad, breaking part of the Khazars empire.

Dieter Ludwig suggested that the Khazars were Sabirs who had formed an alliance with the Uar of Khwarezm.

After the collapse of this state under pressure from the Khazars, it seems the Adyghe people were never politically united, a fact which reduced their influence in the area and their ability to withstand periodic invasions from groups like the Mongols, Avars, Pechenegs, Huns, and Khazars.

Before 862, the seven Magyar tribes, living in the area they called Etelköz, seceded from the Khazars ; afterwards, they were exacting tribute from the neighbouring Slavic tribes and they fought occasionally as mercenaries on behalf of King Carloman of Bavaria, King Arnulf I of Germany and King Svatopluk I of Great Moravia.

The Khazars, Volga Bulgaria, and the Rus ' Khaganate were active in trading along the northern trade routes.

In the 9th century, the Polans were ruled by the Khazars and had to pay tribute to them.

By the 9th century, the Polans were ruled by the Khazars paid tribute to them.

Historians know that in the middle of the 9th century they were paying tribute to the Khazars.

Cozrig's Khazars attacked and eventually took the steppes between Don and the Urals, according to the treaty of 668 between Batbayan and the Khazar Khagan ( Kaban ) under which Batbayan and his sister Huba were taken prisoners.

Khazar was the Turkic language spoken by the Khazars, a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia.

They also saw an elite convert to Judaism ( the Khazars ), only to disappear as the centers of power in the lands once occupied by that elite fell to the people of Rus and then the Mongols.

Some scholars in the former USSR considered the Khazars to be an indigenous people of the North Caucasus, mostly Nakh peoples.

It is known that some Khazars, Edomites, and Ethiopians, as well as many Arabs, particularly in Yemen before, converted to Judaism in the past ; today people all over the world convert to Judaism.

In the eighth and ninth centuries, the south branches of East Slavic tribes had to pay tribute to the Khazars, a Turkic-speaking people who adopted Judaism in the late eighth or ninth century and lived in the southern Volga and Caucasus regions.

Christian Identity asserts in addition that these ( White European ) Israelites are still God's Chosen People, that Jesus was an Israelite of the tribe of Judah, and that modern Jews are not at all Israelites nor Hebrews, but are instead descended from people with Turco-Mongolian blood, or Khazars, or are descendants of the biblical Esau-Edom, who traded his birthright for a bowl of red stew ( Genesis 25: 29 – 34 ).

The origins of the Balkar people have not yet been definitively established: various hypotheses have associated them with the Huns, the Khazars, the Bulgars ( most probable theory, as the name Balkar and Bulgar are nearly identical ), the Alans, the Zikhs, the Brukhs, the Kipchaks and Cumans the Vengrians, the Chekhs, the Mongol Tatars, the Crimean Tatars, and Turkicized Japhetic groups.

In his 9th century work Expositio in Matthaeum Evangelistam, the Benedictine monk Christian of Stavelot refers to the Khazars as Hunnic descendants of Gog and Magog, and says they are " circumcised and observing all laws of Judaism "; the Khazars were a Central Asian people with a long association with Judaism.

For example, the 1701 Zaporozhian cossack constitution included the following declarations: " the valiant and ancient Cossack people, formerly called Khazar, was at first exalted by immortal glory ... so much so that the Eastern Emperor ... joined his son in matrimony to the daughter of the Khagan, that is to say, the Cossack prince "; "... the Orthodox faith of the Eastern confession, with which the valiant Cossack people was enlightened under the rule of Khazar princes by the Apostolic See of Constantinople ..."; " whereas the people formerly known as the Khazars and later called Cossacks trace their genealogical origin to the powerful and invincible Goths ... and join together that Cossack people by the deepest ties of affectionate affinity to the Crimean state ...".

It has been suggested that " Iluetuer " is actually a corruption of the Khazar title " elteber ", or client-ruler, suggesting that this people was subordinate to the Khazars from at least the mid to late 7th century.

This is supported by Theophanes ' statement that the " populous people of the Khazars came out from the innermost parts of Bersilia in Sarmatia Prima.

Dunlop believed that they were connected with the Khazars and thus postulated an Uyghur rather than Hunnish origin for that people.