The Kirkendall effect is the motion of the boundary layer between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms.

The Kirkendall effect has important practical consequences.

His paper demonstrated the importance of the Kirkendall effect in wire bonding technology, but also showed the significant contribution of any impurities present to the rate at which precipitation occurred at the wire bonds.

Small changes in the chemical environment will allow control of reaction and diffusion at room temperatures, permitting manufacture of diverse polymetallic hollow nanoparticles through galvanic replacement and the Kirkendall effect.

* Kirkendall effect

* Kirkendall effect

The ongoing intermetallic reactions also cause Kirkendall effect, leading to mechanical failure of the joint, similar to the degradation of gold-aluminum bonds known as purple plague.

* Kirkendall effect

It was originally derived from the first incarnation of elvis, written by Steve Kirkendall, as noted in the README file included in nvi's sources.

Kirkendall outlined several ways in which Elvis was different from Stevie, namely:

In August 1994, Kirkendall announced that he was working on a major rewrite of Elvis, and in October 1996, it was ready for release.

In October, 2003, four years after the previous release, Kirkendall released Elvis 2. 2, which added a number of new features, including a built-in context-sensitive spell checker, text folding, region highlighting, and user-definable URL protocols.

William Kirkendall received a certificate to teach a school at Brushy Creek near to where Ellsinore would one day be located.

In early January, 1990, Steve Kirkendall posted a new clone of vi, Elvis, to the Usenet newsgroup comp. os. minix, aiming for a more complete and more faithful clone of vi than Stevie.

* Elvis is a free vi clone for Unix and other operating systems written by Steve Kirkendall.

These are referred to as Kirkendall voids.

* The Discovery and Acceptance of the Kirkendall Effect: The Result of a Short Research Career by Hideo Nakajima.

* Kirkendall Effect: Dramatic History of Discovery and Developments by L. N.

* Kirkendall, Richard S. A Global Power: America Since the Age of Roosevelt ( 2nd ed.

* Kirkendall, Richard S. A Global Power: America Since the Age of Roosevelt ( 2nd ed.

* Kirkendall, Richard Stewart.

Elvis is written by Steve Kirkendall and is distributed under the Clarified Artistic License which is used by Perl.

Steve Kirkendall posted the first version of Elvis to the Usenet newsgroup comp. os. minix in early January, 1990, intending it to be a more complete and faithful clone of Vi than Tim Thompson's Stevie ( ST editor for VI enthusiasts ), released three years previously.

For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

Then, in some way, this lack of faith in the cavalry became mixed up in his mind with the dragging effect of wagon trains and was hardened into a prejudice.

One effect of the spirited give-and-take of these discussions was to focus attention on practical applications and the necessity of being armed with the facts: knowledge of the destructive force of even the tiniest `` tactical '' atomic weapon would have a bearing on judgments as to the advisability of its use -- to defend Berlin, for example ; ;

He was not sure what effect it would have, but that was really beside the point when you got right down to it.

The air was cooler here, and the lacy pattern of the trees threw a dappled shadow on the grass, an effect which he found pleasant.

Alex told her that there was no hurry for their breakfasts, trying at the same time to effect a speedy separation of the persons before and behind him.

The doctor shot down to the lavatory and turned the doorknob, but to no effect: the lavatory was occupied.

Again among those jubilantly reunited bunkmates, I was shy with Jessie and acted as I had during those early Saturday mornings when we all seemed to be playing for effect, to be detached and unconcerned with the girls who were properly our dates but about whom, later, in the privacy of our bunks, we would think in terms of the most elaborate romance.

She was wearing her dark hair in two, thick braids to attain an `` American Girl '' effect she thought was appropriate to Halloween.

This increase was sufficient to overcome the effect on net income of higher costs of manufacture and increased expenditures on research and development.

The resulting magnetic effect proved stronger than when the discharge was made lengthwise.

Following observation of the fact that the reaction rates of supposedly identical reaction mixtures prepared on the same filling manifold and exposed under identical conditions often differed by several hundred per cent, a systematic series of experiments was undertaken to see whether the difficulty could be ascribed to the method of preparing the chlorine, to the effects of oxygen or moisture or to the effect of surface to volume ratio in the reaction tubes.

-- Although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate.

The overall effect was probably to stimulate more party activity in the communal elections than might have otherwise taken place.

If this seems arbitrary, its effect was to treat citizens of the District of Columbia equally with citizens of the states -- at the expense of expanding a troublesome jurisdiction.

Since this type of item was not in the statute when section 381 was enacted in 1954, one cannot say with certainty what effect the enactment of that section should have.

The following month the invasion of Italy was begun, and Roosevelt gave effect to his warning by consenting to the stockpiling of poison gas in southern Italy.

This had a pleasant effect upon the Sunday gate receipts as well as upon the intake of the rail and bus companies, some of which began to offer special excursion rates, including seats at the park, just as the trolley and ferry companies had when baseball was new.

It was thrilling to see the effect of an American-trained teacher on Japanese students in a class in Home Planning.