According to a single unsupported piece of recent research, refugees from the collapsed Assyrian Empire claim to have reached the region of Lake Chad and founded the kingdoms of Kanem and Kebbi.

In 1981 the two countries went to the brink of war over Bakassi and another area around Lake Chad, at the other end of the two countries ' common border.

Recent linguistic research suggests that all of Africa's major language groupings south of the Sahara Desert ( except Khoisan, which is not considered a valid genetic grouping anyway ), i. e. the Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan and Niger – Congo phyla, originated in prehistoric times in a narrow band between Lake Chad and the Nile Valley.

The Kanem Empire originated in the 9th century AD to the northeast of Lake Chad.

Finally, around 1396 the Bulala invaders forced Mai Umar Idrismi to abandon Njimi and move the Kanembu people to Bornu on the western edge of Lake Chad.

Government forces clashed violently with rebel forces, including the Movement for Democracy and Development, MDD, National Revival Committee for Peace and Democracy ( CSNPD ), Chadian National Front ( FNT ) and the Western Armed Forces ( FAO ), near Lake Chad and in southern regions of the country.

The country's topography is generally flat, with the elevation gradually rising as one moves north and east away from Lake Chad.

The Ennedi Plateau and the Ouaddaï highlands in the east complete the image of a gradually sloping basin, which descends towards Lake Chad.

Lake Chad is the second largest lake in west Africa and is one of the most important wetlands on the continent.

Bordered by Chad, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon, Lake Chad currently covers only 1350 square kilometers, down from 25, 000 square kilometers in 1963.

The Chari and Logone Rivers, both of which originate in the Central African Republic and flow northward, provide most of the surface water entering Lake Chad.

Although Chadian society is economically, socially, and culturally fragmented, the country's geography is unified by the Lake Chad Basin.

Once a huge inland sea ( the Pale-Chadian Sea ) whose only remnant is shallow Lake Chad, this vast depression extends west into Nigeria and Niger.

Lake Chad, located in the southwestern part of the basin at an altitude of 282 meters, surprisingly does not mark the basin's lowest point ; instead, this is found in the Bodele and Djourab regions in the north-central and northeastern parts of the country, respectively.

North and northeast of Lake Chad, the basin extends for more than 800 kilometers, passing through regions characterized by great rolling dunes separated by very deep depressions.

Southeast of Lake Chad, the regular contours of the terrain are broken by the Guéra Massif, which divides the basin into its northern and southern parts.

South of the Chadian border, the koros divide the Lake Chad Basin from the Ubangi-Zaire river system.

Chari RiverChad's major rivers are the Chari and the Logone and their tributaries, which flow from the southeast into Lake Chad.

At N ' Djamena the Logone empties into the Chari, and the combined rivers flow together for thirty kilometers through a large delta and into Lake Chad.

The seventh largest lake in the world ( and the fourth largest in Africa ), Lake Chad is located in the sahelian zone, a region just south of the Sahara Desert.

Lake Chad also changes greatly in size from one year to another.

The droughts of the late 1960s, early 1970s, and mid-1980s caused Lake Chad to shrink once again, however.

The only other lakes of importance in Chad are Lake Fitri, in Batha Prefecture, and Lake Iro, in the marshy southeast.

Flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the Kızıl River, the coastal plains of Çukurova and the valley floors of the Gediz River and the Büyük Menderes River as well as some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around Tuz Gölü ( Salt Lake ) and the Konya Basin ( Konya Ovasi ).

Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Drought in the Sahel.

Great Basin watersheds that share a border with the Columbia watershed include Harney Basin, Humboldt River, and Great Salt Lake.

Examples can be seen in the flood regions result from glacial Lake Missoula, which created the channeled scablands in the Columbia Basin region of eastern Washington.

Oil production in the Los Angeles Basin started with the discovery of the Brea-Olinda Oil Field in 1880, and continued with the development of the Los Angeles City Oil Field in 1893, the Beverly Hills Oil Field in 1900, the Salt Lake Oil Field in 1902, and many others.

The plan is being implemented by the Lake Champlain Basin Program and its partners at the state, provincial, federal and local level.

* Lake Champlain Basin Atlas

* Lake Champlain Basin Program

It is the focal point of the vast Lake Eyre Basin and is found in South Australia, some north of Adelaide.

The Lake Eyre Basin is a large endorheic system surrounding the lakebed, the lowest part of which is filled with the characteristic salt pan caused by the seasonal expansion and subsequent evaporation of the trapped waters.

During the rainy season the rivers from the north-east part of the Lake Eyre Basin ( in outback ( south-west and central ) Queensland ) flow towards the lake through the Channel Country.

When recently flooded the lake is almost fresh and native fresh water fish, including bony bream ( Nematolosa erebi ), the Lake Eyre Basin sub-species of golden perch ( Macquaria ambigua ) and various small hardyhead species ( Craterocephalus spp.

As the flood did not start filling the lake's deepest point ( Belt Bay ) until late March little bird life appeared preferring instead to nest in the upper reaches of the Lake Eyre Basin, north of Birdsville, where large lakes appeared in January as a result of monsoonal rain.

According to Lt. Paul Gratz's account from 1909, indigenous legends of the Congo River Basin in modern day Zambia spoke of a creature known by native people as the " Nsanga ", which was said to inhabit the Lake Bangweulu region.

Considerably higher rainfall would have been required to keep such a lake full ; the draining of Lake Bungunia appears to mark the end of a wet phase in the history of the Murray-Darling Basin and the onset of widespread arid conditions similar to today.

Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge.

It is a charter member of the Organization of African Unity and the West African Monetary Union and also belongs to the Niger Basin Authority and the Lake Chad Basin Commission, the Economic Community of West African States, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

In Asiatic Turkey, flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the Kızıl River, the coastal plains of Antalya and Adana, and the valley floors of the Gediz River and the Büyükmenderes River, and some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around Tuz Gölü ( Salt Lake ) and Konya Ovasi ( Konya Basin ).

When the Mormons arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake in 1847, the Great Basin was still a part of Mexico and had no secular government.

Only in very wet years, perhaps every 20 years, does the stream system in the Closed Basin flow as a connected unit into San Luis Lake at the low point of the Closed Basin west of the Great Sand Dunes.