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The Levenshtein distance measurement is more appropriate for measuring raw channel performance before frame synchronization, and when using error correction codes designed to correct bit-insertions and bit-deletions, such as Marker Codes and Watermark Codes.
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Levenshtein and distance
* Levenshtein distance
* Damerau – Levenshtein distance
A more general way of measuring the number of bit errors is the Levenshtein distance.
* Many string algorithms including longest common subsequence, longest increasing subsequence, longest common substring, Levenshtein distance ( edit distance ).
In information theory and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences.
Informally, the Levenshtein distance between two words is equal to the number of single-character edits required to change one word into the other.
The term edit distance is often used to refer specifically to Levenshtein distance.
The Levenshtein distance between two strings is defined as the minimum number of edits needed to transform one string into the other, with the allowable edit operations being insertion, deletion, or substitution of a single character.
It is named after Vladimir Levenshtein, who considered this distance in 1965.
Mathematically, the Levenshtein distance between two strings is given by where
For example, the Levenshtein distance between " kitten " and " sitting " is 3, since the following three edits change one into the other, and there is no way to do it with fewer than three edits:
The Levenshtein distance can also be computed between two longer strings, but the cost to compute it, which is roughly proportional to the product of the two string lengths, makes this impractical.
Levenshtein distance is not the only popular notion of edit distance.
* the Damerau – Levenshtein distance allows addition, deletion, substitution, and the transposition of two adjacent characters ;
A straightforward implementation, as pseudocode for a function LevenshteinDistance that takes two strings, s and t, and returns the Levenshtein distance between them:
In information theory and computer science, the edit distance between two strings of characters generally refers to the Levenshtein distance.
* Levenshtein distance ( the most common definition, calculated by Hirschberg's algorithm or the Wagner – Fischer algorithm )
* Damerau – Levenshtein distance
* Levenshtein distance
* 1965-Levenshtein distance developed by Vladimir Levenshtein
Levenshtein and is
The algorithm tells whether a given text contains a substring which is " approximately equal " to a given pattern, where approximate equality is defined in terms of Levenshtein distance — if the substring and pattern are within a given distance k of each other, then the algorithm considers them equal.
Levenshtein and more
Unlike GNU Aspell, ispell will only suggest corrections that are based on a Damerau – Levenshtein distance of 1 ; it will not attempt to guess more distant corrections based on English pronunciation rules.
Levenshtein and for
It selects the best-suited algorithm for the current query from a variety of the known fastest ( built-in ) string searching algorithms, including Manber and Wu's bitap algorithm based on Levenshtein distances.
Levenshtein and such
This type of search often relies on matching algorithms that forgive entry errors such as phonetic Soundex algorithms or the language independent Levenshtein algorithm.
Combined with other algorithms such as soundex, metaphone and Levenshtein distance, it could make a very powerful did you mean response to search engine queries.
distance and measurement
" The small-angle formula can be used to convert such an angular measurement into a distance / size ratio.
For a meteor, the standard distance for measurement of magnitudes is at an altitude of at the observer's zenith.
In 1924 Edwin Hubble's measurement of the great distance to the nearest spiral nebulae showed that these systems were indeed other galaxies.
The distance the axis of the crank throws from the axis of the crankshaft determines the piston stroke measurement, and thus engine displacement.
In reflection mode, the phase shift image provides a relative distance measurement and thus represents a topography map of the reflecting surface.
Perimeter is the distance around a two dimensional shape, or the measurement of the distance around something ; the length of the boundary.
Since radio waves travel at the speed of light, accurate distance measurement requires high-performance electronics.
Spectroscopic estimates of Rigel's distance place its distance between, while Hipparcos < nowiki >'</ nowiki > s measurement of its parallax gives a distance of, with a margin of error of about 9 %.
The first direct measurement of the distance to a star ( 61 Cygni at 11. 4 light-years ) was made in 1838 by Friedrich Bessel using the parallax technique.
Used vertically, a measurement of the angle between the lantern of a lighthouse of known height and the sea level at its base can also be used for distance off.
Although range finding underwater is performed at both sub-audible and audible frequencies for great distances ( 1 to several kilometers ), ultrasonic range finding is used when distances are shorter and the accuracy of the distance measurement is desired to be finer.
* The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson.
* Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
This can be contrasted with current conceptions in quantum physics, where the Planck length, an almost unimaginably tiny quantity, represents reaching that distance scale where, it has been theorized, all measurement seemingly breaks down to that which can be subsumed at this scale, as distance only, or extension.
By cross-correlating different measurement methods, one can bound the distance ; the residual errors are now less than the estimated size parameters of the LMC.
In surveying, retroreflector prisms are commonly used as targets for long-range electronic distance measurement using a total station.
In the case of environmental or aircraft noise, distance need not be quoted as it is the level at the point of measurement that is needed, but when measuring refrigerators and similar appliances the distance should be stated ; where not stated it is usually one metre ( 1 m ).
Hop count is therefore a basic measurement of distance in an network.
A longer laser pulse improves dynamic range and attenuation measurement resolution at the expense of distance resolution.
0.148 seconds.