The Lithuanians did not expect to meet with an armed body of men and they had nothing to do but retreat, which they did speedily ... A committee of Polanders went to Scranton last night and had an interview with Bishop O ' Hara.

In spite of the endeavours of their rulers, Poles and Lithuanians did not wish to attack the kindred Czechs ; the Germans were prevented by internal discord from taking joint action against the Hussites ; and the King of Denmark, who had landed in Germany with a large force intending to take part in the crusade, soon returned to his own country.

Despite Lithuanian support, the Soviets did not transfer Vilnius to the Lithuanians till just before the city was recaptured by the Polish forces ( in late August ), instead up till that time the Soviets encouraged their own, pro-communist Lithuanian government, Litbel, and were planning a pro-communist coup in Lithuania.

One proclaimed a policy of bilingualism which was expressed only by the obligation made to Lithuanians to learn Russian while Russians did not bother to learn Lithuanian.

Lithuanian authorities, however, argued that the majority of inhabitants living there, even if they did not speak Lithuanian and considered themselves Poles, were Polonized ( or Russified ) Lithuanians.

The Lithuanians did not use it as a source book on practical halakha, as they followed the Ashkenazi authorities such as Moses Isserles and the Aruch ha-Shulchan.

Later, some Lithuanians were relocated to work in other areas of the Soviet Union ; some of them did not return to Lithuania, after it became independent.

For example, some historians argue that union was more local and included only southern Balts ( Lithuanians and Prussians ), but Northern Balts ( ancestors of Latvians ) did not participate in it.

had some influence to Prussian ruling persons and even put some pressure on them, and it did not allow disregarding of existing Lithuanians and their cultural needs.

The deceased were replaced by Germans from Brandenburg, Pomerania, Magdeburg, Halberstadt, the Electorate of the Palatinate, and Nassau, as did Swiss and Lithuanians.

Although the German crusaders were often at war with the Lithuanians, Mindaugas, King of Lithuania, did not oppose Georgenburg's construction after his conversion to Christianity.

Despite the Peace Treaty, the Soviets did not intend to transfer the city to the Lithuanians.

The Knights, who took a defensive position, did not expect a joint attack and were preparing for a dual invasion – by the Poles along the Vistula River towards Danzig ( Gdańsk ) and by the Lithuanians along the Neman River towards Ragnit ( Neman ).

The Ruthenian population formed a majority in GDL from the time of the GDL's expansion in the mid 14th century ; and the adjective " Lithuanian ", besides denoting ethnic Lithuanians, from early times denoted any inhabitant of GDL, including Slavs and Jews.

While he allowed Catholic clergy to enter his realm for the purpose of ministering to his Catholic subjects and to temporary residents, he savagely punished any attempt to convert pagan Lithuanians or to insult their native religion.

The Lithuanians nonetheless believed that their historical claim to the city ( former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ) had precedence and refused to recognize any Polish claims to the city and the surrounding area.

Lithuanians and Poles were banned from holding any public jobs ( including professional positions, such as teachers and doctors ) in Lithuania ; this forced educated Lithuanians to move to other parts of the Russian Empire.

Those officers and soldiers from the Blue Army who targeted the local Jews believed that they were acting in Poland's defence, because they assumed that the victims were collaborating with Poland's enemies, either West Ukrainian forces, Bolsheviks, or Lithuanians even though many of the civilians killed were not hostile to the Polish military in any way.

The Lithuanians claimed Vilnius as their historical capital and refused any federation with Poland, desiring an independent Lithuanian state.

Not invited to any post-war diplomatic conferences, it also had to battle negative propaganda that the Council of Lithuania was a German puppet, that Lithuanians harbored pro-Bolshevik attitudes, or that Lithuania was too small and weak to survive without a union with Poland.

The city has a large population of Bulgarians ( about 200, 000 +), Lithuanians, Croats, Greeks and the second largest Serbian population of any city in the world.

Latvians and Lithuanians are the only surviving members of the Baltic peoples and Baltic languages of the Indo-European family.

During the 11th century, Lithuanian territories were included in the list of lands paying tribute to Kievan Rus ', but by the 12th century, the Lithuanians were invading neighboring territories themselves.

The Lithuanian National Revival had begun to intensify by the end of the 19th century, and the number of Lithuanian speakers and people identifying themselves as ethnic Lithuanians started to increase ; but at the same time many Polish speaking Lithuanians, especially former szlachta, cut themselves adrift from the Lithuanian nation.

In late 1401, the new war against the Order overstretched the resources of the Lithuanians, who found themselves fighting on two fronts after uprisings in the eastern provinces.

Ethnographers in the 1890s were often confronted with those who described themselves as both Lithuanians and Poles.

With nationalistic sentiments rising all over Europe, many Lithuanians were afraid that such a federation, resembling the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from centuries ago, would be a threat to Lithuanian culture, as during the Commonwealth times the many of the of Lithuanian nobility Polonized themselves under the influence of the Polish culture.

A western subdialect once existed in the Klaipėda region, but it became extinct after World War II after its inhabitants fled the region, as a result of being expelled or persecuted by the Soviet authorities ( since the 16th or even 15th century the Samogitians of the Klaipėda region called themselves " Lietuvininkai ", and since the end of 19th century they called themselves " Prūsai "; after World War II the territory of the western subdialect was resettled mainly by northern and southern Samogitians, and by other Lithuanians also ).

According to the census conducted in 2001, 83. 45 % of the population of Lithuania proper identified themselves as Lithuanians, 6. 74 % as Poles, 6. 31 % as Russians, 1. 23 % as Belarusians, and 2. 27 % as members of other ethnic groups.

According to the census conducted in 2001, 83. 45 % of the population identified themselves as ethnic Lithuanians, 6. 74 % as Poles, 6. 31 % as Russians, 1. 23 % as Belarusians, and 2. 27 % as members of other ethnic groups such as Tatars, Finns, Danes, Jews and other.

Apart from the various religious and ethnic groups currently residing in Lithuania, Lithuanians themselves are usually divided into 5 groups: Žemaičiai, Suvalkiečiai, Aukštaičiai, Dzūkai and Prūsai,

This theory raised the prestige of old Lithuania ( thought of by neighbors as " pagan " and " barbarian ") firstly in the eyes of Lithuanians themselves, and had the same effect on foreign people ( especially Poles, who often treated their mediating in Lithuania's Christianization as their own cultural achievement against " eastern " or " pagan " " barbarism ").

For the last century, Lithuanians defended themselves from the Teutonic Knights, a crusading military order dedicated to conversion of the Grand Duchy into Catholicism.

If it were a state of Poles, Jews, Germans, Rusyns, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Russians, it would lose its independence again "; and that " it is impossible to make a nation out of those who have no ' national self-identification ,' who call themselves ' local ' ( tutejszy ).".

After the battle the Lithuanians lost the possibilities for military initiative and restricted themselves to defensive actions.

Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians fought against themselves and against the Russians, who were just as divided.

Intermarium was, however, perceived by some Lithuanians as a threat to their newly established independence, and by some Ukrainians as a threat to their aspirations for independence, and was opposed by Russia and by most Western powers, except France.

The partnership brought vast Lithuania-controlled Rus ' areas into Poland's sphere of influence and proved beneficial for the Poles and Lithuanians, who coexisted and cooperated in one of the largest political entities in Europe for the next four centuries.

She financed a scholarship for twenty Lithuanians to study at Charles University in Prague to help strengthen Christianity in their country, to which purpose she also founded a bishopric in Vilnius.

The military and plundering activities of the Lithuanians triggered a struggle for power in Lithuania, which initiated the formation of early statehood, from which the Grand Duchy of Lithuania developed.

The Lithuanians relied on their forested homelands for defense, and used their cavalry for raiding into Mongol-dominated Russia.

The Lithuanians immediately attempted to Lithuanize the city, for example by Lithuanizing Polish schools.

Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired lands, the Poles and Lithuanians to deal with territorial challenges in the east and in Silesia.

His proposal for Standard Lithuanian was based on his native Western Aukštaitijan dialect with some features of the eastern Prussian Lithuanians ' dialect spoken in Lithuania Minor.

Since the late 19th century, Grafton Hill and Vernon Hill have been points of entry for immigrants from all over the world: Irish, Italians, Lithuanians, Poles, Syrians, Lebanese, Indians, Puerto Ricans, French Canadians, and more recently, Albanians and Brazilians.

By the time that the 1887 city directory was published, there were three Roman Catholic congregations in Plymouth: " St. Vincent's Catholic Church ", for " English-speaking " ( mostly Irish ) Catholics, " St. Stephen's Hungarian Catholic Church ", ( for Slovakians ), and " St. Mary's Polish Catholic Church " ( for Poles and Lithuanians ).

The war between the Polish faction and the Scranton Diocese settled into a standstill for the Christmas holidays, but in January 1890, war resumed, and this time the focus was the cemetery on Welsh Hill which the Diocese had created for use by both the Poles and the Lithuanians.

As the Lithuanians will comply with the Bishop's instructions, trouble is looked for.

The Lithuanians are gunning for Wilkes.

Such was usual in Eastern Europe, for example among Russians and Lithuanians.

Although the first round of talks was broken by Lithuanians, Simeon secured the disputed towns for Moscow.

The bodies of Lithuanians who died in Siberian exile were brought back to their homeland for reburial, and the anniversaries of deportations as well as the important dates in Lithuanian history began to be noted with speeches and demonstrations.

An estimate for 1493 gives the combined population of Poland and Lithuania at 7. 5 million, breaking them down by ethnicity at 3. 25 million Poles, 3. 75 million Ruthenians and 0. 5 million Lithuanians.

In the meantime, Polish – Lithuanian relations worsened as Polish politicians found it hard to accept the Lithuanians ' demands for certain territories, especially the city of Vilnius which had a Polish ethnic majority but was regarded by Lithuanians as their historical capital.