* Long-eared Owl-Asio otus-USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

* Asio otus Long-eared Owl

& Fuller, R. A. ( 1999 ) Sex differences in winter distribution of Long-eared Owls ( Asio otus ) in Demark and neighbouring countries.

John James Audubon illustrates the " Long-eared Owl-Strix otus " as Plate 383 in Birds of America, published London, 1827-38.

In North America, the Long-eared Owl ( Asio otus ) can be somewhat similarly marked and shares the feature of prominent ear tufts, but it is considerably smaller and more slender, with a grayish line running down the middle of the facial disc and with ear tufts located more closely to each other on the top of the head.

James De KayPlate XI Figures 23: Acadian Owl ( Ulula acadica ) ( aka Northern Saw-whet Owl-Aegolius acadicus ), & 24: Long-eared Owl | The Long-eared Owl ( Otus americanus or Asio otus / Strix otus ) by Hill in De Kay's Zoology of New York State.

The iris-colour differs: yellow in Short-eared, and orange in Long-eared, and the black surrounding the eyes is vertical on Long-eared, and horizontal on Short-eared.

There are a number of other ways in which the two species differ which are best seen when they are flying: a ) Short-eared often has a broad white band along the rear edge of the wing, which is not shown by Long-eared ; b ) on the upperwing, Short-eared Owl's primary-patches are usually paler and more obvious ; c ) the band on the upper side of Short-eared Owl's tail are usually bolder than those of Long-eared ; d ) Short-eared's innermost secondaries are often dark-marked, contrasting with the rest of the underwing ; e ) Long-eared Owl has streaking throughout its underparts whereas on Short-eared the streaking ends at the breast ; f ) the dark markings on the underside of the tips of the longest primaries are bolder on Short-eared Owl ; g ) the upperparts are coarsely blotched, whereas on Long-eared they are more finely marked.

The Long-eared Owl is a medium sized owl, in length with an wingspan and a body mass of.

The iris-colour differs: yellow in Short-eared, and orange in Long-eared, and the black surrounding the eyes is vertical on Long-eared, and horizontal on Short-eared.

* Short-eared often has a broad white band along the rear edge of the wing, which is not shown by Long-eared ;

The Long-eared Owl's breeding season is from February to July.

The endemic mammals are the endangered Flores Shrew ( Suncus mertensi ), the vulnerable Komodo Rat ( Komodomys rintjanus ), and Lombok Flying Fox ( Pteropus lombocensis ), Sunda Long-eared Bat ( Nyctophilus heran ) while the carnivorous Komodo dragon, which at three metres long and ninety kilograms in weight is the world's largest lizard, is found on Komodo, Rincah, Gili Motang, and the coast of northwestern Flores.

The Long-eared Flying Mouse ( Idiurus macrotis ), or Long-eared Scaly-tailed Flying Squirrel, is a species of flying mouse from western and central Africa.

The Long-eared hedgehog ( Hemiechinus auritus ) is a species of hedgehog native to Central Asian countries and some countries of the Middle East.

Long-eared Hedgehogs gestation period is 35 – 42 days.

Brandt's Hedgehog is approximately the size of the West European Hedgehog ( about 500 – 1, 000 g in weight and 25 cm in length ), but has distinctively large ears similar to the Long-eared Hedgehog and is a much faster runner due to lighter ( but still superior to the Long-eared Hedgehog ) needle protection.

It is a fast runner, but, unlike the Long-eared Hedgehog, predominantely nocturnal and uses cuddling tactic more often, although still employing " jumping " attack.

The Indian Hedgehog is relatively small (~ 200-350 grams, ~ 15 centimetres ) and quite fast, although not as fast as the Long-eared Hedgehog.

Federal and state animal species of special concern in the Monument include: Cooper's Hawk ( Accipiter cooperii ), Fringed Myotis ( Myotis thysanodes ), Long-eared Myotis ( Myotis evotic ), Long-legged Myotis ( Myotis volans ), Pallid Bat ( Antrozous pallidus ), Silver-haired Bat ( Lasionycteris noctivigans ), Townsends Big-eared Bat ( Corynorhinus townsendii ), Western Small-footed Myotis ( Myotis ciliolabrum ), and American Badger ( Taxidea taxus ).

Other important breeding species include Buzzard, Barn Owl, Long-eared Owl, Nightingale, Stonechat, Whinchat, Wheatear, Corn Bunting and, on occasion, Montagu's Harrier.

Wildlife species to be found in the forest include Hawfinch, Fallow Deer, Dipper, Common Crossbill, Pied Flycatcher, Redstart, and Long-eared Owl among many other woodland birds and plants.

Mammals include a significant population of Western Grey Kangaroos as well as Pygmy possums and the Little Pied Bat and Greater Long-eared Bat which use older trees as nesting hollows.

The Indian Long-eared Hedgehog is found in Pakistan ( North West Frontier Province, Punjab and Sindh ) and India ( Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

Common Shrew, Smoky Shrew, Water Shrew, Pigmy Shrew, Short-tailed Shrew, Hairy-tailed Mole, Star-nosed Mole, Little Brown Bat, Northern Long-eared Bat, Silver-haired Bat, Hoary Bat, Snowshoe Hare, Eastern Chipmunk, Least Chipmunk, Woodchuck, Grey Squirrel, American Red Squirrel, Northern Flying Squirrel, American Beaver, Deer Mouse, White-footed Mouse, Gapper ’ s Red-backed Vole, Southern Bog Lemming, Muskrat, Meadow Vole, Rock Vole, House Mouse, Meadow Jumping Mouse, Woodland Jumping Mouse, Porcupine, Red Fox, American Black Bear, Raccoon, American Marten, Fisher, Ermine, Long-tailed Weasel, American Mink, Striped Skunk, Northern River Otter, Lynx, White-tailed Deer, Moose and Eastern Wolf.

Over much of its range, Short-eared Owls occurs with the similar-looking Long-eared Owl.

Overall Short-eared tends to be a paler, sandier bird than Long-eared.

Short-eared Owl also differs structurally from Long-eared, having longer, slimmer wings: Long-eared Owl has wings shaped more like those of a Tawny Owl.

The Long-eared Owl generally has different habitat preferences from the Short-eared, most often being found concealed in areas with dense wooded thickets.

* Davis, A. H. and R. J. Prytherch ( 1976 ) Field identification of Long-eared and Short-eared Owls British Birds 69: 281-7

* Robertson, Iain S. ( 1982 ) Field identification of Long-eared and Short-eared Owls British Birds 75 ( 5 ): 227-9

The Long-eared Owl ’ s brownish feathers are vertically streaked.

Over much of its range, Long-eared Owl occurs with the similar-looking Short-eared Owl.

A number of subspecies have been noted in this species including A. o. otus, A. o. canariensis, A. o. tuftsi and A. o. wilsonianus

In Ohio, meadow voles comprised 90 % of the individual prey remains in long-eared owl ( Asio otus ) pellets on a relict wet prairie, and in Wisconsin, meadow voles comprised 95 % of short-eared owl ( A. flammeus ) prey.

However, the eye disks of A. otus are darker in color or rusty-orange.

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