There are seven species in this family ; one, the Madeira Firecrest, Regulus madeirensis, was only recently split from Common Firecrest as a separate species.

Cytochrome b gene divergence between the Madeira Firecrest and the European bird is 8. 5 %, comparable with the divergence level between other recognised Regulus species, such as the 9 % between the Goldcrest and the Golden-crowned Kinglet.

There are no Goldcrests on Madeira, where the Madeira Firecrest is the only Regulus species.

Firecrests in the Balearic Islands and north Africa are widely recognised as a separate subspecies, but the population on Madeira, previously also treated as a subspecies, is now treated as a distinct species, the Madeira Firecrest, Regulus madeirensis.

The Madeira Firecrest, R. madeirensis, was formerly also considered to be a subspecies of the Common Firecrest, but phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome b gene showed that the Madeiran form is distinct at the species level.

Cytochrome b gene divergence between the Madeira Firecrest and the European bird is 8. 5 %, comparable with the divergence level between other recognised Regulus species, such as the 9 % between the Goldcrest and the Golden-crowned Kinglet.

The eggs are pink with very indistinct reddish markings at the broad end, unlike those of Madeira Firecrest which are described as like those of a Phylloscopus warbler ( white with some brown speckles ).

The kinglet of Madeira is known as the Madeira firecrest, Regulus madeirensis Until recently, it was considered to be a subspecies, R. i. madeirensis, of the Common Firecrest R. ignicapillus.

By then they had probably developed a taste for Madeira wine, and on 29 September near Cape Charles all they took from the Betty of Virginia was her cargo of Madeira, before they scuttled her with the remaining cargo.

The Madeira Islands laurel forest was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999.

Accra was followed by a visit to Funchal on the Portuguese colony of Madeira ; they would spend most of the next nine years on the island, only returning to England for three or four months in the summer.

Once in South America, a new far more ambitious goal was added: to find the headwaters of the Rio da Duvida, the River of Doubt, and trace it north to the Madeira and thence to the Amazon River.

A delegation of Polish monks went to Madeira to question him and certified he was in fact the long lost king, now living in secrecy.

Uninhabited Madeira Island was colonized by the Portuguese in 1420.

The islands of Madeira have a long winemaking history, dating back to the Age of Exploration when Madeira was a standard port of call for ships heading to the New World or East Indies.

This was discovered by the wine producers of Madeira found out when an unsold shipment of wine returned to the islands after a round trip.

The roots of Madeira's wine industry date back to the Age of Exploration, when Madeira was a regular port of call for ships travelling to the New World and East Indies.

The intense heat and constant movement of the ships had a transforming effect on the wine, as discovered by Madeira producers when one shipment was returned to the island after a long trip.

The customer was found to prefer the taste of this style of wine, and Madeira labeled as vinho da roda ( wines that have made a round trip ) became very popular.

Madeira producers found that aging the wine on long sea voyages was very costly, so began to develop methods on the island to produce the same aged and heated style.

The 18th century was the " golden age " for Madeira.

Madeira was an important wine in the history of the United States of America.

One of the major events on the road to revolution in which Madeira played a key role was the British seizure of John Hancock ’ s sloop the Liberty on May 9, 1768.

Hancock's boat was seized after he had unloaded a cargo of 25 pipes ( 3, 150 gallons ) of Madeira, and a dispute arose over import duties.

Madeira was a favorite of Thomas Jefferson, and it was used to toast the Declaration of Independence.

A bottle of Madeira was used by visiting Captain James Server to christen the USS Constitution in 1797.

Chief Justice John Marshall was also known to appreciate Madeira, as well as his cohorts on the early U. S. Supreme Court.

Before the advent of artificial refrigeration, Madeira wine was particularly prized in areas where it was impractical to construct wine cellars ( as in parts of the southern United States ) because, unlike many other fine wines, it could survive being stored over hot summers without significant damage.

Throughout the year many events take place on Madeira Drive ( a piece of roadway on Brighton's seafront ), which was constructed in order to host what is commonly held to be the world's oldest motor race, the Brighton Speed Trials, which has been running since 1905.

It was formerly more widespread, since subfossil remains have been found in a cave in eastern Madeira, and on nearby Porto Santo Island.

The Trocaz Pigeon is endemic to the mountainous subtropical Atlantic main island of Madeira, although it formerly also bred on the neighbouring Porto Santo Island.

The Trocaz Pigeon formerly bred on both the main island of Madeira and nearby Porto Santo Island.

Laurisilva formerly covered much of the mountain areas of Annobon, Azores, Bioko, Cape Verde, Canary Islands, Madeira, São Tomé, Príncipe, other Atlantic islands, and locally on favourable wet climate microenvironments of the coast and coastal mountains of the north-west African mainland, but the forests have been much reduced in extent by logging, clearance for agriculture and grazing, and the invasion of exotic species.

* Madeira Branch ( formerly the Madeira – Indian Hill Regional Branch )

The forms breeding in Macaronesia on Madeira, Bugio in the Desertas Islands, and in the Cape Verde archipelago were long considered to be subspecies of the southern hemisphere Soft-plumaged Petrel P. mollis, but differences in size, vocalisations, breeding behaviour and mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the northern birds are not closely related to P. mollis, and that the Bermuda Petrel or Cahow may be the closest relative of the Macaronesian birds.

The forms breeding in Macaronesia on Madeira, Bugio in the Desertas Islands, and in the Cape Verde archipelago were long considered to be subspecies of the Southern Hemisphere Soft-plumaged Petrel, P. mollis, but mitochondrial DNA analysis, and differences in size, vocalisations, breeding behaviour, showed that the northern birds are not closely related to P. mollis, and that the Bermuda Petrel or Cahow may be the closest relative of the Macaronesian birds.

At that time, the Portuguese government considered São João da Madeira one of the most important regional industrial centres with its progress suffocated by its inferior status.

The community is oriented around agriculture primarily, although it has become an important touristic stop in Madeira, due to the rock cliff promontory Cabo Girão, considered the highest promontory in Europe ( 580 metres ).

No member of this order is currently considered endangered ; in fact, in 2007, Atlantopsocus adustus, a species native to Madeira and the Canary Islands, was found to have colonized the mild Cornish coast of southwest England.

– lily of the valley tree ; Madeira ( considered extinct in the Canary islands, also present in the Azores ).

At Madeira, Amundsen alerted his men that they would be heading to Antarctica in addition to sending a telegram to Scott notifying him simply: < tt >" BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC -- AMUNDSEN.

* 1420 — The same sailors and Bartolomeu Perestrelo discovered the island of Madeira, which at once began to be colonized.

Madeira is produced in a variety of styles ranging from dry wines which can be consumed on their own as an aperitif, to sweet wines more usually consumed with dessert.

Because of this unique process, Madeira is a very robust wine that can be quite long lived even after being opened.

No wine-quality grapes could be grown among the 13 colonies, so imports were needed, with a great focus on Madeira.

Lower-quality Madeira wines may be flavored with salt and pepper to prevent their sale as Madeira wine, and then exported for cooking purposes.

Unflavored Madeira may also be used in cooking, such as the dessert dish " Plum in madeira ".

In 2012, the longest HVDC link will be the Rio Madeira link connecting the Rondônia to the São Paulo area where the length of the DC line is over.

In Portugal, it is called fatias douradas, rabanadas or fatias de parida, and is typically made during Christmas, from slices of bread leftovers ( when it is too hard to be eaten normally ) soaked in milk or water to soften it, dipped in beaten eggs, fried in the least amount of vegetable oil possible ( to prevent it from soaking up and becoming too greasy ) and then sprinkled with sugar and cinnamon, soaked in a syrup made with water, sugar, cinnamon sticks and lemon skin or in Port or Madeira wine.

The Portuguese Constitution of 1976 specifies that Portugal have only, as first level divisions, the autonomous regions ( Azores and Madeira ) and the administrative regions ( to be created in mainland Portugal ).

Finding life at sea even more restricting, he pretended to be both deaf and lame so skillfully that he deceived the doctors at Madeira.

" It also mentioned the potential invasion of Portugal if the British gained a foothold and requested that the occupation of Madeira and of the Azores be investigated.

It may alternatively be a single aberrant individual, a hybrid or an unknown taxon from Madeira or elsewhere.

In 1983, a bird was trapped on the Selvagens, Madeira on the 8th July and was confirmed to be the first record for the Atlantic Ocean.

The boater may also be seen worn by the ' carreiros ' of Madeira, the drivers of the traditional wicker toboggans carrying visitors from the parish church at Monte ( Funchal ) down towards Funchal centre.

It is adapted to dry climates, occurring wild from Morocco and Portugal east to Libya and Greece and north to France and Croatia ; it may also be native on Cyprus, the Canary Islands and Madeira.

In the Mediterranean region, it is cultivated mainly in southern Spain, where it was introduced before 1751 in the Motril, Almuñecar and Malaga areas, from where it was carried to Italy and lsla de Madeira ( Portugal ), but now can be also found in Morocco, Tunisia ( only in the orchards of Hammamet ), Lebanon, Egypt, Cyprus, and Israel.