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The Mapuche fought against the Sapa Tupac Inca Yupanqui ( c. 1471 – 1493 ) and his army.
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Mapuche and fought
The Mapuche cacique, Colo-Colo, is a historic symbol of heroic courage, bravery, and wisdom who fought, never surrendered, and never lost to the Spaniards during the Arauco War.
Mapuche and against
* April 30 – Arauco War: Battle of Mataquito: Spanish forces of the Governor Francisco de Villagra launch a dawn surprise attack against the Mapuche headed by their toqui Lautaro in present-day Chile.
* February 5 – during the Arauco War, Pedro de Avendaño with sixty men capture Caupolicán, the Mapuche Gran Toqui leading their first revolt against the Spanish Empire, nearby Antihuala encamped with a small band of followers.
The city underwent numerous rebuildings, due to the Spanish military campaigns against the native Mapuche in their efforts to colonize the area.
Inés de Suárez, also called Inés Suárez, ( c. 1507 – 1580 ) was a Spanish conquistadora ( female conquistador ) and mistress to Pedro de Valdivia who participated in the Conquest of Chile, successfully defending Santiago against a Mapuche attack in 1541.
Claims are Colocolo held the position of " Toqui de la Paz " ( Peace Chief ) but took over strategic duties when Spanish conquest began, becoming the head of the native Mapuche forces against these invaders.
Caupolicán ( Pilmaiquén-1558, Cañete ) was a Toqui, the military leader of the Mapuche people of Chile, that commanded their army during the first Mapuche rising against the Spanish conquistadors from 1553 to 1558.
Mapuche and Inca
Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern and central Chile was under Inca rule while independent Mapuche inhabited south-central Chile.
The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river, which subsequently became the boundary between the Incan empire and the Mapuche lands until the arrival of the Spaniards.
In racial terms, the plural majority of Valparaíso's people are mestizo but are commonly called castizos are largely white Caucasian who are distantly descendants of Mapuche, Inca, Aymara and North American Indian descent ( transplanted Cherokees are reported to come in the late 19th century, though it could well be a myth ).
The Araucanía is the heartland of the indigenous Mapuche people who resisted both Inca and Spanish conquest attempts.
Mapuche and .
* 1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
It was not until the 1880s that the Mapuche were completely subjugated.
Of the three Araucanian groups, the one that mounted the fiercest resistance to the attempts at seizure of their territory were the Mapuche, meaning " people of the land.
The Mapuche were the original inhabitants of central and southern Chile.
The greatest resistance to Spanish rule came from the Mapuche culture, who opposed European conquest and colonization until the 1880s ; this resistance is known as the Arauco War.
Valdivia died at the Battle of Tucapel, defeated by Lautaro, a young Mapuche toqui ( war chief ), but the European conquest was well underway.
The Spaniards never subjugated the Mapuche territories ; various attempts at conquest, both by military and peaceful means, failed.
The Great Uprising of 1598 swept all Spanish presence south of the Bío-Bío River except Chiloé ( and Valdivia which was decades later reestablished as a fort ), and the great river became the frontier line between Mapuche lands and the Spanish realm.
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by persistently suppressing the Mapuche during the Occupation of the Araucanía.
" Tayil as Category and Communication among the Argentine Mapuche: A Methodological Suggestion ", Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council 8: 35 – 42.
Almagro then dispatched Gómez de Alvarado along with 100 horsemen and 100 foot to continue the exploration, which ended in the confluence of the Ñuble and Itata rivers where the Battle of Reinohuelén between the Spanish and hostile Mapuche Indians forced them to turn back north.
* 1598 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.
* 1554 – Mapuche forces, under the leadership of Lautaro, score a victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Marihueñu in Chile.
Before reaching the coast of Peru, Drake visited Mocha Island, where he was seriously injured by hostile Mapuche.
Native Mapuche s playing palín shown in Histórica Relación del Reino de Chile by Alonso de Ovalle.
* 1550 – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60, 000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile.
In the southern tip of South America, the Mapuche people celebrate We Tripantu ( the New Year ) a few days after the northern solstice, on June 24.
* July – Killing of the hated encomendero Pedro de Avendaño and two other Spaniards triggered the Second Great Rebellion of the Mapuche in the Arauco War.
* March 9 – Mapuche Uprising of 1723 begins in Chile.
Mapuche and –
* December 21 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spaniards troops in southern Chile ; all Spanish cities south of the Biobio river are eventually taken by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the 1870s " Pacification of Araucania ".
* December 25 – Battle of Tucapel: Mapuche rebels under Lautaro defeat the Spanish conquistadors and execute Pedro de Valdivia, the first Royal Governor of Chile.
Mapuche and army
Jerónimo de Vivar in his Chronicle of the Kingdom of Chile ( 1558 ), describes Colocolo as one of the Mapuche leaders with 6, 000 warriors and one of the competitors for Toqui of the whole Mapuche army following the Battle of Tucapel.
Later, in the following year after Villagra had evacuated the city of Cañete revealing Spanish weakness, Colocolo was prevailed on by the rebellious Mapuche in Arauco to take command of their army.
In 1553, after destroying the fort, the native Mapuche defeated the Spanish army here in the Battle of Tucapel, and killed Pedro de Valdivia.
fought and against
He fought like a fiend for the helpless and oppressed, worked for the abolition of slavery, helped the Quakers and Indians, and worked against the prosecution of witches.
Rousseau's primitivism, the anti-Newtonian mythology of Blake, Coleridge's organic metaphysics, Victor Hugo's image of the poets as the Magi, and Shelley's `` unacknowledged legislators '' are related elements in the rear-guard action fought by the romantics against the new scientific rationalism.
Since American life is committed above all to productivity and a higher standard of economic life, the countervailing forces of residential and religious exclusiveness have fought a desperate, rearguard action against the expanding interdependence of the metropolis.
Roberts careened backward, his back arched, fought for balance and, failing, stumbled against the newel post at the foot of the stairs.
Politically, Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory.
In doing so, he fought discrimination against immigrants, blacks, and indigenous peoples of the Americas.
They fought against UNITA rebels, based in Angola, and the apartheid-era government in South Africa who supported them.
During Angola's civil war Cuban forces fought to install a Marxist-Leninist MPLA-PT government, against Western-backed UNITA and FLNA guerrillas and the South-African army.
He fought several battles of attrition against Lee through the Overland Campaign to seize Richmond, though in the face of fierce resistance he altered his plans and led the Siege of Petersburg which nearly finished off the rest of Lee's army.
* 1918 – Battle of Ambos Nogales: U. S. Army forces skirmish against Mexican Carrancistas and their German advisors in the only battle of World War I fought on American soil.
His men fought well in the morning, putting up a stout resistance, but as overwhelming Confederate forces massed against them, their line eventually broke and they retreated back through the town of Gettysburg to the relative safety of Cemetery Hill south of town.
Doubleday was humiliated by this snub and held a lasting grudge against Meade, but he returned to division command and fought well for the remainder of the battle.
* 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL and the American troops of the 33rd and 37th Infantry Division, United States Army was liberated in Baguio City and they fought against the Japanese forces under by General Tomoyuki Yamashita.
The latter king seems to have fought a sea battle against 32 kings who had gathered against him.
He fought politically against what he denounced as a closed, undemocratic aristocracy, adding to his appeal to common citizens.
A year later in 881 Alfred fought a small sea battle against four Danish ships “ on the high seas ”.
On May 28, 585 BC, during the Battle of Halys fought against Cyaxares, king of Media, a solar eclipse took place ( see also Thales ); hostilities were suspended, peace concluded, and the Halys fixed as the boundary between the two kingdoms.
A passionate fighting-man ( he fought twenty-nine battles against Christian or Moor ), he was married ( when well over 30 years and a habitual bachelor ) in 1109 to the ambitious Queen Urraca of León, widow of Raymond of Burgundy, a passionate woman unsuited for a subordinate role.
His final campaigns were against Mequinenza ( 1133 ) and Fraga ( 1134 ), where García Ramírez, the future king of Navarre, and a mere 500 other knights fought with him.
Léon Fleuriot has suggested Ambrosius is identical to Riothamus, a Brythonic leader who fought a major battle against the Goths in France around the year 470.
He next fought for the sovereignty of Provence against Raymond Berenger III, and not till September 1125 did the war end in an amicable agreement.
In 490 BC, Aeschylus and his brother Cynegeirus fought to defend Athens against Darius I's invading Persian army at the Battle of Marathon.
The loose alliance of city states which had fought against Xerxes's invasion had been dominated by Sparta and the Peloponnesian league.
This battle was the last major one fought against the Persians.
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