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Maratha and Sambhaji
* May 14 – Sambhaji, High Protector of the Maratha Empire ( b. 1657 )
Sambhaji Bhosle ( 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689 ) was the eldest son and successor of Chhatrapati ( sovereign ) Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire and his first wife Saibai.
Sambhaji was married to Jivubai in a marriage of political alliance, and per Maratha custom she took the name Yesubai.
With Sambhaji imprisoned, after the death of Shivaji his widow Soyarabai Mohite started making plans with various ministers of the administration to crown her son Rajaram as the heir to the Maratha kingdom ; on 21 April 1680, the ten-year old Rajaram was installed in the throne.
Sambhaji tricked Mughals into thinking that Marathas were going to attack Surat that had been twice plundered by Shivaji, and Hambirrao Mohite, the commander of the Maratha army surrounded Burhanpur.
At the start of 1682, a Maratha army, later joined by Sambhaji personally, attacked the island for thirty days, doing heavy damage but failing to breach its defenses.
The Maratha then attempted to build a stone causeway from the shore to the island, but were interrupted halfway through when the Mughal army moved to menace Raigad ; Sambhaji returned to counter them, and his remaining troops were unable to overcome the Janjira garrison and the Siddi fleet protecting it.
After Shivaji, Sambhaji defended the Maratha empire from the Mughal onslaught led by Aurangzeb.
Under the rule of Sambhaji, Maratha generals ( Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav ) chose Miraj as a safe place for their families while they were conducting guerilla actions against the invading Aurangzeb forces of the Mughal emperor.
The term is most commonly used in reference to Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, founder of the Maratha Empire, and his eldest son and heir Sambhaji.
The institute was vandalized in December 2003 by a mob made up of members of an extremist self styled Maratha youth squad, calling themselves the Sambhaji Brigade, named after Shivaji's elder son.
Shahu Sambhaji Raje Bhosale Chhatrapati Maharaj ( 1682 – 1749 CE ) was the fourth Emperor of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Chhatrapati Shivaji, and was officially the Raja of Satara ( now in Maharashtra, India ).
According to Kincaid & Parasnis, Balaji Vishwanath entered the Maratha administration during the reign of Chhatrapati Sambhaji or the regency of his brother, Rajaram.
* After capture and cruel execution of Sambhaji by Aurangzeb in 1689, became revenue official or writer in Maratha court under Ramchandra Pant Amatya.
* Since the death of Chhatrapati Shivaji, his two sons Sambhaji and Rajaram continued the Maratha rebellion against the Mughal Empire.
Shrimant Rajaram Shivaji Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj ( 1670-March 2, 1700 Sinhagad ) was the younger son of the first Chhatrapati Shivaji, stepbrother of the second Chhatrapati Sambhaji, and took over the Maratha Empire as its third Chhatrapati after his brother's death at the hands of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb in 1689.

Maratha and ordered
Maratha accounts instead state that he was ordered to bow before Auguranzeb and convert to Islam, and it was his refusal to do so that lead to his death, lending a religious martyrdom to the narrative.
His allied Maratha and Mysore cavalry were ordered to remain south of the Kaitna to keep in check a large body of Maratha cavalry which hovered around the British rear.
Wellesley ordered his four sepoy battalions to re-form and ward off any threat from the Maratha infantry and cavalry while the 78th were sent back to retake the Maratha gun line.
Wellesley ordered him to charge the Maratha left flank, while the infantry moved forward as a single line to meet the centre and right.
He remained with Wellesley to assist with the wounded – troops were still being carried from the battlefield four days after the engagement – until ordered to recommence the pursuit of the Maratha army on 26 September.

Maratha and form
The interior of the museum combines the columns, railings and balcony of an 18th century Wada ( a Maratha mansion ) with Jain style interior columns, which form the main body of the central pavilion below the Maratha balcony.
* India-Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, Sikh Light Infantry, and the Maratha Light Infantry regiments form part of the infantry Orbat.
To thwart further Maratha domination Sawai Jai Singh planned a local hegemony, to form under the leadership of Jaipur, a political union in Rajputana.
The objective behind the action of Aurangzeb in building a mosque near the birthplace of Lord Krishna seems to have been the need to weaken Hindu belief which was rising in the form of the Maratha Empire.
It is reported that among all the temples the Naata Mandir or the Dancing hall of Konark was in its original form for the longest period, and that it was broken intentionally since it was considered an unnecessary structure during the Maratha administration.

Maratha and death
Baji Rao Ballal Balaji Bhat () ( August 18, 1700 – April 28, 1740 ), also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa ( Prime Minister ) to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati ( Emperor ) Shahu from 1720 until Baji Rao's death.
He is credited with expanding the Maratha Empire especially in north to help reach its zenith during his son's reign twenty years after his death.
* In 1732, after the death of Maharaja Chhatrasal, a long-time ally of the Maratha Empire, Baji Rao was granted 1 / 3 of Chhatrasal's kingdom in Bundelkhand.
The Maratha confederacy was thrown into disarray by Sambhaji's death, and his younger brother Rajaram assumed the throne.
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb though tried for many years to suppress the Hindu Revolt however he failed to do so, in the end Maratha Empire power remained intact after 27 year wars which Hindu Maratha fought from Shivaji death ( 1680 ) to 1707 ( Aurangzeb Death ).
After the death of Shahu, the Peshwas became the de facto leaders of the Maratha Empire from 1749 to 1761, while Shivaji's successors continued as nominal rulers from their base in Satara.
After the death of Madhavrao, the empire gave way to a loose Confederacy, with political power resting in a ' pentarchy ' of five mostly Maratha dynasties: the Peshwas of Pune ; the Sindhias ( originally " Shinde ") of Malwa and Gwalior ; the Holkars of Indore ; the Bhonsles of Nagpur ; and the Gaekwads of Baroda.
Shrimant Baji Rao Vishwanath Bhatt ( August 18, 1700-April 25, 1740 ), also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa ( Prime Minister ) to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati ( Emperor ) Shahu between 1720 until death.
He is credited with expanding the Maratha Empire especially in north that reached its zenith twenty years after his death.
In 1674, Shivaji laid the foundation of the Maratha Empire which within 75 years of his death covered territory of over 250 million acres ( 1 million km² ) or one-third of the Indian sub-continent.
A number of Maratha gunners who had feigned death when the British advanced over their position re-manned their guns and began to pour cannon fire into the rear of the 74th and Madras infantry.
After Shivaji's death the Maratha empire began to disintegrate.
The Maratha king, first imprisoned by Tarabai in the 1750s had lost power much earlier but was reinstated by Madhav rao Peshwa in 1763 after Tarabai's death.
On seeing their leader head to certain death, 6 other Maratha sardars joined him in the charge, they attacked the enemy camp and were slaughtered.
At time of his death in 1749, the issueless Shahu made him the Peshwas of Maratha Empire. Nanasaheb Peshwa and Tatya Tope led the revolt in kanpur region.
By the time of his death, he ruled much of Malwa, and was acknowledged as one of the five virtually independent rulers of the Maratha Confederacy.
After the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.
After the death of Nanasaheb, on 23 June 1761, the sixteen year old Madhavrao was made the next Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.
Narayan Rao ( b. 10 Aug. 1755, d. 30 Aug. 1773 ) was the fifth Peshwa or ruler of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 till his death by murder in August 1773.
After the death of Atre, she was the editor of newspaper Maratha but was unable to maintain its popularity and the newspaper had to close down a few years later.

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