In April 1973, Colonel Héctor Irabarren, head of the 3rd Army Corps ' Intelligence Service, was killed when resisting a kidnap attempt by the Mariano Pojadas and Susana Lesgart Platoons of the Montoneros.

On 21 February 1974, the Montoneros killed Teodoro Ponce, a right-wing Peronist labor leader in Rosario.

On 22 February 1975, in an ambush in the Lomas de Zamora suburb of Buenos Aires, three policemen ( First Sergeant Nicolás Cardozo, Corporal Roberto Roque Fredes and Constables Eugenio Rodriguez and Abel Pascuzzi ) were killed after their patrol car came under fire from Montoneros guerrillas.

On 5 March 1975, a Montoneros bomb detonates in the underground parking at Plaza Colón of the Argentine Army High Command and a garbage truck driver, Alberto Blas García is killed and 28 others are wounded, including four colonels and 18 other ranks. On 3 June 1975, Montoneros guerrillas murdered Raul Amelong, manager of the Acindar steel firm in Rosario, in reprisal for alleged repression against striking employes.

On 12 June 1975, in an ambush in the capital of the Córdoba province, three policemen ( Pedro Ramón Enrico, Carlos Alberto Galíndez y corporal Luis Francisco Rodríguez ) are killed after their patrol car came under fire from two car loads of Montoneros guerrillas.

On 26 August 1975, 26-year-old Fernando Haymal is killed by fellow Montoneros for allegedly cooperating with government forces.

At the same time, with the underground network of Montoneros militants largely uprooted in the capital of Tucumán province, several hundred ERP militants took the streets in the Argentine city of Córdoba in the last week of August 1975, in an effort to divert attention from the military operations being waged in the jungles and mountains of Tucumán and five policemen were killed as a result, after the police headquarters was attacked with gunfire and the police radio communications center bombed.

In the aftermath, a second lieutenant ( Ricardo Massaferro ), a sergeant ( Víctor Sanabria ) and ten soldiers ( Antonio Arrieta, Heriberto Ávalos, José Coronel, Dante Salvatierra, Ismael Sánchez, Tomás Sánchez, Edmundo Sosa, Marcelino Torantes, Alberto Villalba and Hermindo Luna ) were killed and several wounded ; the Montoneros lost 16 men in the fighting and mop-up operations that night.

Under the presidency of Nestor Kirchner, the families of all the Montoneros killed in the attack were later compensated with the payment of around US $ 200, 000 each.

In the week preceding the military coup, the Montoneros killed 13 policemen as part of its Third National Military Campaign.

The ERP guerrillas and their supporting network of militants came under heavy attack in April 1976, and the Montoneros were forced to come to their assistance with money, weapons and safe houses. On 21 June 1976, the Labour Relations Manager of Swift ( an American food processing company ), Osvaldo Raúl Trinidad is shot and killed outside his home in the La Plata suburb of Buenos Aires after coming under fire from a car load of masked peronist guerrillas.

On 17 October a Montoneros bomb blast in an Army Club Cinema in downtown Buenos Aires killed 11 and wounded about 50 officers and their families.

On 15 December, another Montoneros bomb planted in a Defense Ministry movie hall killed at least 14 and injured 30 officers and their families.

The Montoneros later admitted losing 5, 000 guerrillas killed, and the Marxist-Leninist People's Revolutionary Army ( Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo or ERP ) admitted the loss of another 5, 000 of their own armed fighters killed.

On 4 April 1976, Montoneros assassinated a naval commander ( Jose Guillermo Burgos ), a Chrysler executive ( Jorge Ricardo Kenny ) and ambushed and killed three policemen in a patrol car.

On 26 April 1976, Montoneros guerrillas killed Colonel Abel Héctor Elías Cavagnaro outside his home in Tucumán province.

On 4 January 1977, Montoneros guerrillas shot and killed Private Guillermo Félix Dimitri of the 10th Mechanized Infantry Brigade on a drive-by shooting while he was on roadblock duty outside the Chrysler factory in the San Justo suburb of Buenos Aires.

On 15 February 1977, army corporal Osvaldo Ramón Ríos was killed after his patrol came under fire from a group of Montoneros that had barricaded themselves inside a house in the Ezpeleta suburb of Buenos Aires.

The Montoneros admit 5, 000 of their guerrillas were killed.

In late 1979, the Montoneros launched a " strategic counteroffensive " in Argentina, and the security forces killed more than one hundred of the exiled Montoneros, who had been sent back to Argentina after receiving special forces training in camps in the Middle East.

Among the Montoneros killed in this operation were Luis Francisco Goya and María Lourdes Martínez Aranda who after crossing the Chilean border into Argentina were abducted in the city of Mendoza in 1980 and never seen again, with their son Jorge Guillermo being adopted and raised by an army NCO, Luis Alberto Tejada and his wife Raquel Quinteros.

The Montoneros financed their operations by kidnapping and collecting ransoms for businessmen or executives, making as much as $ 14. 2 million in a single abduction of an Exxon executive in 1974.

After Juan Perón's return from 18 years of exile and the 1973 Ezeiza massacre, which marked the definitive split between left and right-wing Peronism, the Montoneros were expelled from the Justicialist party in May 1974 by Perón.

" The Montoneros took their name from the pejorative term used by the 19th-century elite to discredit the mounted followers of the popular caudillos.

Montoneros hoped that Perón would return from exile in Francoist Spain and transform Argentina into a " Socialist Fatherland ".

In May 1974, the Montoneros were expelled from the Justicialist movement by Perón.

The Montoneros ' leadership was keen to learn from the ERP's Compañía de Monte Ramón Rosa Jiménez operating in the Andean province of Tucumán and in 1975 sent " observers " to spend a few months with the ERP platoons operating against the 5th Infantry Brigade, then consisting of the 19th, 20th and 29th Mountain Infantry Regiments.

The Montoneros however, soon met with fierce resistance from a group of conscripts and NCOs who recovered from their initial surprise.

During February 1976, the Montoneros sent assistance to the hard-pressed Compañía de Monte Ramón Rosa Jiménez fighting in Tucumán province, in the form of a company of their elite " Jungle Troops ", while the ERP backed them up with a company of their own guerrillas from Cordoba.

In January 1976, the son of retired Lieutenant-General Julio Alsogoray, Juan Alsogaray ( El Hippie ), copied from his father's safe a draft of " Battle Order 24 March " and passed it to the head of the Montoneros intelligence, Rodolfo Walsh, who informed the guerrilla leadership of the planned military coup.

On 2 July 1976 the Montoneros detonated a powerful bomb in the Argentine Federal Police in Buenos Aires, killing 24 and injuring 66 people. On 10 July 1976, policemen surround and enter a printing house in the San Andrés suburb of Buenos Aires in an effort to free Vicecomodore Roberto Echegoyen from the Montoneros, but the alerted guerrillas shoot their hostage in the head.

On 14 August 1977 Susana Leonor Siver and her partner Marcelo Carlos Reinhold, both Montoneros fighters, were kidnapped from Reinold's mother home along with a friend by a fifteen-strong naval intelligence team and taken to the ESMA naval detention camp.

The commander of the Montoneros, Mario Firmenich, in a radio interview in late 2000 from Spain later stated that " In a country that experienced a civil war, everybody has blood in their hands.

Using contacts from among the Montoneros ' many double agents ( allegedly including the leader, Mario Firmenich ), the agency kept the Born brothers in a known SIDE safehouse for nine months until their June 1975 release without public suspicion of SIDE involvement, a successful false flag operation that led to others ( albeit less ambitious ones ) in the following months.

Left-wing Peronism was represented by many organizations, from the Montoneros and the Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas to the Peronist Youth, the Frente Revolucionario Peronista and the Revolutionary Peronist Youth, passing by Peronismo en Lucha or Peronismo de Base, which supported a Marxist viewpoint.

By 1970, many groups from opposite sides of the political spectrum had come to support Perón, from the left-wing and Catholic Montoneros to the fascist-leaning and strongly anti-Semitic Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara, one of Argentina's first guerrilla movements.

Having joined the banned organization Montoneros, Oesterheld wrote the chapters from hidden locations until his abduction in 1977.

However, the Montoneros waited until after the death of Perón in July 1974 to react, with the exception of the assassination of José Ignacio Rucci, general secretary of the CGT ( General Confederation of Labour ) on 25 September 1973, and some other military actions.

The Montoneros were inspired by the British and Italian wartime commando raids on warships, and on 1 November 1974 the Montoneros successfully blew up General Commissioner Alberto Villar, the chief of the Argentine federal police in his yacht.

Organized in 1968, the mysterious Roman Catholic-oriented anarchist Montoneros had already carried out the murder of former de facto President Pedro Aramburu, popular CGT union Secretary General José Ignacio Rucci, construction workers ' union leader Rogelio Coria, former Interior Minister Arturo Mor Roig, and U. S. Consul John Egan, among other murders and kidnappings.

( General consensus is that Montoneros carried out these two assassinations, and their supporters boasted of these, but the organization did not formally recognized their authorship.